Aims nine forest tyeps, including Taxodium distichum Rich plantation (TD), Larix potaninii Batalin plantation (LG), subalpine desieiduous broad-leaved forest (SR), subalpine shrubbery (SQ), Sakux cupularis Rehd and Larix potaninii Batalin mixed forest (SL), Abies fabric Crai and Betula albo-sinensis Burk mixed forest (AB), Picea asperata Mast dark coniferous forest (PS), Abies fabric Craib and Tsuga chinensis Pritz dark coniferous forest (TA) and subalpine meadow (BS), in Wolong natural reserve, Sichuan, China, were investigat...