This review was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR, PJT178010 to X.-L. Zheng, PJT-165941 to X.-L. Zheng), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2020-04592 to X.-L. Zheng), Key Discipline of Basic Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine (202302), the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (grant no. 2021RC4064), Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, and Basic Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine.