Natriuretic peptides (NPs) have been discovered for 30 years, and the clinical use of B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP) and N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) precursors have been a landmark in the management of cardiovascular disease, particularly in heart failure. The BNP has a powerful cardioprotective effect, but the BNP that rises dramatically after heart failure does not show corresponding activity, which is known as the "natriuretic peptide paradox". In recent years, with the use of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, " natriuretic peptide par...