The chemical investigation of the Inula nervosa Wall. (Asteraceae) led to the isolation of a new labdane diterpenoid glycoside, maoxiucaioside A (1), and ten known compounds including seven steroids (2–8), one triterpenoid (9), and two flavonoids (10 and 11). Their structures were elucidated based on NMR, HRESIMS and ECD data analysis as well as literature data. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activities of all isolates were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effects on inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) production in LPS-s...