Shuyu Pill is the representative prescription for treating “deficiency-essence”. This article discussed the consistency of diabetes and “deficiency-essence” from TCM syndromes and etiology and pathogenesis, and probed into the correlation between Shuyu Pill and diabetic Western medicine of pathomechanism diabetes from the modern pharmacological research on Shuyu Pill. Therefore, it proposed that diabetes has the essence of “deficiency-essence”; the pathogenesis of diabetes should meet the efficacy of Shuyu Pill; pharmacological effects of...