humanistic pragmatism;Traditional Chinese Medicine in modern Hunan;doctors;formula books;private Traditional Chinese Medicine industry;the cowpox vaccination
Under the influences of humanistic pragmatism, a group of pragmatic doctors ap- peared in modem Hunan; practical formula books were paid more attention; private TCM industry achieved development continuously; the cowpox vaccination was generalized timely and effectively. These embodied the characteristics of the regional development of TCM under the spec...