The increasing prevalence of environmental pollutants has raised public concern about their potential role in diseases such as atherosclerosis (AS). Existing studies suggest that chemicals, including bisphenol S (BPS), may adversely affect cardiovascular health, but the specific mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the effects of BPS on AS and the underlying mechanisms. Through an extensive search of databases such as ChEMBL, STITCH, SwissTargetPrediction, SuperPred, SEA, and GEO, we identified 34 potential targets related to BPS-induced AS. A target network was constructed ...