This study aimed to evaluate the causal effects of different immune cells on heart failure (HF) using Mendelian randomization (MR). Datasets for immune cell phenotypes and HF were obtained from European Bioinformatics Institute and FinnGen. Then, single nucleotide polymorphisms were screened according to the basic assumptions of MR. Subsequently, inverse variance weighted was used as primary tool for MR analysis, and Cochran Q and leave-one-out analyses were used to assess heterogeneity and robustness, respectively. MR analysis showed that clus...
