Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. However, there is a current lack of effective therapies available. As the resident macrophages of the brain, microglia can monitor the microenvironment and initiate immune responses. In response to various brain injuries, such as ischemic stroke, microglia are activated and polarized into the proinflammatory M1 phenotype or the antiinflammatory M2 phenotype. The immunomodulatory molecules, such as cytokines and chemokines, generated by these microglia are closely associated with secondary brain damage or repair...
