Objectives: The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an indispensable cellular programme for driving organ fibrosis and tumor progression. Liuwei Dihuang Decoction (LWD) is an effective Chinese formula for treating chronic renal failure. Methods: First, by using morphological examination, immunofluorescence staining assay, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis, in vitro experiments were designed to analyze NF-kappa B and EMT markers (including Snail, alpha-SMA, and E-cadherin) in transforming g...
