This paper sorted out the classic context theory and discussed the modern context of cultural communication of Chinese medicine (CM). The external environment is featured by the social modernization, prosperity of the new media and globalization. The cognitive environment is featured by the interaction between science and humanity, the East and the West, traditional and modern thoughts. The external and internal cognitive environment combine together to form the modern context of cultural communication of CM. The modern context influences and restricts the cultural communication of CM. It is p...