摘要：
The current COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although relevant studies show that the smoking rate of COVID-19 patients is relatively low, the current smoking status of people with COVID-19 cannot be accurately measured for reasons. Thus, it is difficult to assess the relationship between smoking and COVID-19. Smoking can increase the risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms and aggravate the condition of patients with COVID-19. Nicotine upregulates the expression of ACE2, which can also increase susceptibility to COVID-19, aggravatiing the disease. Although nicotine has certain anti-inflammatory effects, there is no evidence that it is related to COVID-19 treatment; therefore, smoking cannot be considered a preventative measure. Furthermore, smokers gathering and sharing tobacco may promote the spread of viruses. Despite the COVID-19 epidemic, the findings suggested that COVID-19 has not encouraged smokers to quit. Additionally, there is evidence that isolation at home has contributed to increased smoking behavior and increased quantities. Therefore, it is recommended that governments increase smoking cessation messaging as part of public health measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. This review analyzes the existing research on smoking’s impact on COVID-19 so that governments and medical institutions can develop evidence-based smoking-related prevention and control measures for COVID-19.
期刊：
International Journal of Mental Health Nursing,2021年30(5):1149-1159 ISSN：1445-8330
通讯作者：
Juan Liu PhD
作者机构：
[Chen, Bing; Zhu, Xiaodan; Chang, Ru; Wang, Qing] Ningxia Med Univ, Sch Nursing, Yinchuan, Ningxia, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Xiaojian] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Nursing, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Li, Meizhi] Second Peoples Hosp Hunan Prov, Dept Nursing, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Juan] Ningxia Med Univ, Sch Basic Med Sci, Shengli Rd 1160, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Juan Liu PhD] S;School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
关键词：
coping styles;schizophrenia relapse;stressful life events
摘要：
This study aimed to explore the relationship between stressful life events, coping styles, and schizophrenia relapse. The sample for this study included 248 patients with schizophrenia from a psychiatric outpatient clinic in Hunan Province, China. Stressful life events, occurrence of schizophrenia relapse, and coping style were assessed by the Scale for the Social Readjustment Rating, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were adopted to explore the relationships among coping styles, schizophrenia relapse, and stressful life events. Stressful life events and negative coping exhibited significant positive association with schizophrenia relapse, while positive coping exhibited a significant negative association with schizophrenia relapse. Stressful life events and positive coping exerted significant effects on schizophrenia relapse, while negative coping did not. We also found that both positive coping and negative coping have moderating effects on the relationship between stressful life events and schizophrenia relapse, but the relationship is weak. The study highlighted the importance of interventions designed to reduce stressful life events, promote positive coping, and address negative coping in patients with schizophrenia.
摘要：
Background With adverse events and injuries recurring in residential aged care facilities (RACFs), older adults' safety in residential age care settings has attracted extensive attention from governments, researchers, and healthcare providers. Risk management is of utmost importance in reducing risks and improving the quality of care for older adults in long-term care. Although previous studies have made great efforts to explore risk management methods and technologies in RACFs, little is known about how managers identify and respond to risks in practice. Purpose This qualitative study aimed to elucidate the perceptions and experiences of managers involved in risk management in RACFs in China. Participants and methods This study used a phenomenological research design. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 managers across 11 RACFs in Changsha City, Hunan Province, China. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's seven steps and NVivo 12 plus software. Results "Facilitation of an error-free culture" emerged as a central theme of managers' perceptions of risk management. Four sub-themes were revealed, namely "creating an age-friendly physical environment," "paying close attention to frail older adults," "improving the competence of nursing staff," and "building effective management programs." Conclusion Facilitation of an error-free culture was of prime importance in risk management. Managers' experiences can help RACFs to better manage risks, as well as provide new perspectives and approaches for RACFs to improve the quality and outcomes of care. This study developed initiatives for improving resident safety in RACFs and may foster interest in the developing these initiatives.
作者机构：
[Ren, Yujia] Hunan First Normal Univ, Phys Educ Inst, Third Fenglin Rd, Changsha 410205, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Ji, Binbin] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Nursing, Changsha 410205, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ren, Yujia] H;Hunan First Normal Univ, Phys Educ Inst, Third Fenglin Rd, Changsha 410205, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
loneliness, perceived social support;psychological capital;adolescents
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a period characterized by high frequency of mental health problems. Loneliness, in particular, is a common psychological problem. This study aims to explore the effects of psychological capital on adolescents' loneliness and the mediating effects of perceived social support. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 694 adolescents from six regions in Hunan Province, China were selected. The survey was conducted using the Perceived Social Support Scale, Loneliness Scale, and Psychological Capital Questionnaire. The study analyzed the correlations between perceived social support, psychological capital, and loneliness among adolescents and the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between perceived social support and loneliness. RESULTS: Significant correlations were observed between adolescents' total scores in perceived social support, psychological capital, and loneliness and between each dimension. The following observations were made: a significant negative correlation between perceived social support and loneliness (r=0.440, P<0.01), a significant positive correlation between perceived social support and psychological capital (r=0.493, P<0.01), and a significant negative correlation between psychological capital and loneliness (r=-0.303, P<0.01). Psychological capital plays a statistically significant mediating role on the relationship between perceived social support and loneliness (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Perceived social support and psychological capital can reduce adolescents' loneliness and perceived social support can alleviate loneliness by enhancing psychological capital.
期刊：
IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH,2017年46(9):1223-1230 ISSN：2251-6085
通讯作者：
He, Guoping
作者机构：
[Zhang, Yinhua] Cent S Univ, Sch Nursing, Dept Community Nursing, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Honghua; He, Guoping; Zhang, Yinhua; Chen, Yang; Pan, Xiaoyan; Yuan, Qun; Xu, Yi; Yi, Xia] Hunan Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Sch Nursing, Dept Fundamentals Nursing, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Jingwei] Med Insurance Bur Hunan Prov, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[He, Guoping] H;Hunan Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Sch Nursing, Dept Fundamentals Nursing, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Antimicrobial;China;Inpatient;Prescription
摘要：
BACKGROUND: China had implemented policies to limit antimicrobials prescription since 2004; we conducted this study to reflect the effect of these national policies by analyzing antimicrobial prescription trends of medical insurance in patients from 2003 to 2014 in Changsha city, China. METHODS: The participants were inpatients of the medical insurance of urban workers (UEBMI). Data were extracted from medical insurance information system of Changsha Medical Insurance Institution, which directly connects with hospitals information systems. RESULTS: Trend analysis showed great changes in antimicrobial prescription and inpatients' cost on antimicrobials over the study period. Antimicrobial prescription rates gradually declined over the study period from 79.0% in 2003 to 43.5% in 2014 (adjusted OR0.205; 95%CI 0.198 to 0.213). There was a quicker decline from 2011 to 2014 (with implementing national antimicrobial stewardship action plan) than the period from 2003 to 2010 (with implementing antimicrobials use education and self-management strategies). The proportion of inpatients used one antimicrobial increased significantly from 25.6% in 2003 to 46.7% in 2014, while the proportion of inpatients used three or more antimicrobials gradually decreased. Bacterial culture rate increased from 20.4% in 2003 to 36.6% in 2014 (adjusted OR 2.248; 95% CI 2.149 to 2.352). The average costs on antimicrobials decreased significantly, from 277.43 US Dollar in 2003 to 91.05 US Dollar in 2014. CONCLUSION: National efforts to promote rational use of antimicrobials in clinical practice have had a positive effect over the past decade in China.
作者：
Ji, Binbin;Sun, Mei;Yi, Rongfang;Tang, Siyuan*
期刊：
Archives of Psychiatric Nursing,2014年28(5):319-326 ISSN：0883-9417
通讯作者：
Tang, Siyuan
作者机构：
[Ji, Binbin] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Nursing, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Ji, Binbin; Sun, Mei; Tang, Siyuan] Cent S Univ, Sch Nursing, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yi, Rongfang] Cent S Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tang, Siyuan] C;Cent S Univ, Sch Nursing, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
This quasi-experimental study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary parent education program focused on improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study included 42 participants (22 intervention, 20 wait-list control) who were the main caregivers of children with ASD. Data were collected at baseline and post-intervention. At the end of the multidisciplinary parent education program, significant improvements were observed in the mental HRQOL, family functioning, self-efficacy and positive coping style. The results indicate that a multidisciplinary parent education program, designed for caregivers of children with ASD, may have positive effects on caregivers' mental health-related quality of life, while having little effect on their physical health-related quality of life.
摘要：
Purposes: The purposes of this study were (1) to examine the level of structural empowerment, organizational commitment and job satisfaction in Chinese nurses; and (2) to investigate the relationships among the three variables. Background: A high turnover rate was identified in Chinese staff nurses, and it was highly correlated with lower job satisfaction. Structural empowerment and organizational commitment have been positively related to job satisfaction in western countries. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and multiple step-wise regression to test the hypothesized model. Results: Moderate levels of the three variables were found in this study. Both empowerment and commitment were found to be significantly associated with job satisfaction (r = 0.722, r = 0.693, p < 0.01, respectively). The variables of work objectives, resources, support and informal power, normative and ideal commitment were significant predictors of job satisfaction. Conclusions: Support for an expanded model of Kanter's structural empowerment was achieved in this study. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Objectives: To study the effects of group reminiscence therapy on depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and affect balance among community dwelling elderly. Methods: Eight communities were randomly selected from 372 eligible communities in Changsha city. They were randomly divided into four experimental groups and four control group. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to screen entire 478 older adults living in these 8 communities. One hundred and sixty five of them had a GDS score between 11 and 25; among them, 125 participated in the study finally. The elderly group who were in the control group received health education, while the intervention group received both health education and group reminiscence therapy for 6 weeks. Both groups were assessed with the GDS, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Affect Balance Scale (ABS) before and after the 6-week-intervention. The results were analyzed using a mixed effect model with fixed effect of the intervention and random effect of the community, incorporating the structured randomness at the community level. Results: After 6 weeks' therapy, the GDS scores in the intervention group decreased significantly compared to those in the control group (p < 0.001). Scores on the positive affect subscale and affect balance in the intervention group increased significantly higher than control group, and scores on the negative affect subscale decreased significantly lower than control group (p < 0.01). After the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in self-esteem scores between intervention and control groups. Conclusions: Group reminiscence therapy was effective in reducing symptoms of depression, improving affect balance, and promoting mental health of community-dwelling elderly. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
