摘要：
Stroke is the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Post-stroke spasticity (PSS) is the most common complication of stroke but represents only one of the many manifestations of upper motor neuron syndrome. As an upper motor neuron, the corticospinal tract (CST) is the only direct descending motor pathway that innervates the spinal motor neurons and is closely related to the recovery of limb function in patients with PSS. Therefore, promoting axonal remodeling in the CST may help identify new therapeutic strategies for PSS. In this review, we outline the pathological mechanisms of PSS, specifically their relationship with CST, and therapeutic strategies for axonal regeneration of the CST after stroke. We found it to be closely associated with astroglial scarring produced by astrocyte activation and its secretion of neurotrophic factors, mainly after the onset of cerebral ischemia. We hope that this review offers insight into the relationship between CST and PSS and provides a basis for further studies.
期刊：
Mediators of Inflammation,2023年2023:9377518 ISSN：0962-9351
通讯作者：
Zhang, Junyi;Jiang, WH
作者机构：
[Xie, Shaobing; Zhang, Junyi; Zhang, Hua; Jiang, Sijie; Jiang, Weihong; Xie, Zhihai] Cent South Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Xiangya Hosp, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Shaobing; Zhang, Junyi; Zhang, Hua; Jiang, Sijie; Jiang, Weihong; Xie, Zhihai] Cent South Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Otolaryngol Crit Dis, Xiangya Hosp, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Xie, Shaobing; Zhang, Junyi; Zhang, Hua; Jiang, Sijie; Jiang, Weihong; Xie, Zhihai] Cent South Univ, Natl Clin Res Ctr Geriatr Disorders, Xiangya Hosp, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Qingping] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Brain Hosp Hunan Prov, Dept Rehabil, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, JY; Jiang, WH ] C;Cent South Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Xiangya Hosp, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Otolaryngol Crit Dis, Xiangya Hosp, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ, Natl Clin Res Ctr Geriatr Disorders, Xiangya Hosp, Changsha, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Introduction;Materials and Methods;Results;Discussion;Conclusion;Abstract;Data Availability;Additional Points;Ethical Approval;Consent;Disclosure;Conflicts of Interests;Authors’ Contributions;Funding Statement;Acknowledgements;Acknowledgments;Supplementary Materials;Reference;Dataset Description;Dataset Files;Abstract;Introduction;Introduction and Materials;Introduction and Methods;Materials;Materials and Methods;Methods;Results;Discussion;Results and Discussion;Discussion and Conclusion;Results and Conclusion;Conclusion;Conclusions;Data Availability;Additional Points;Ethical Approval;Consent;Disclosure;Conflicts of Interest;Authors’ Contributions;Funding Statement;Acknowledgements;Supplementary Materials;References;Appendix;Abbreviations;Preliminaries;Introduction and Preliminaries;Notation;Proof of Theorem;Proofs;Analysis of Results;Examples;Numerical Example;Applications;Numerical Simulation;Model;Model Formulation;Systematic Palaeontology;Nomenclatural Acts;Taxonomic Implications;Experimental;Synthesis;Overview;Characterization;Background;Experimental;Theories;Calculations;Model Verification;Model Implementation;Geographic location;Study Area;Geological setting;Data Collection;Field Testing;Data and Sampling;Dataset;Literature Review;Related Works;Related Work;System Model;Methods and Data;Experimental Results;Results and Analysis;Evaluation;Implementation;Case Presentation;Case Report;Search Terms;Case Description;Case Series;Background;Limitations;Additional Points;Case;Case 1;Case 2 etc.;Concern Details;Retraction Details;Copyright;Related Articles
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) is short-course administration of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). This study is aimed at assessing the clinical efficacy and safety of ILIT in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS: MEDLINE, PUBMED, and Cochrane Library were used to conduct electronic searches for clinical trials comparing ILIT and placebo in patients with AR. The final search took place on August 24, 2022. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The outcomes included combined symptom and medication scores (CSMS), visual analog scale (VAS), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life (RQLQ), Skin-prick test (SPT), and adverse events (AEs). Data were synthesized as mean difference (MD)/standard mean difference (SMD) or risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Thirteen studies (454 participants) were included in this study. The ILIT group had better clinical improvement on the CSMS (random effects model, SMD-0.85, 95% CI [-1.58, -0.11], P = 0.02) and RQLQ (fixed-effects model, MD-0.42, 95% CI [0.69, 0.15], P = 0.003) than the placebo group. The booster injection was beneficial for CSMS (P < 0.0001), and the 4-week injection interval was superior to the 2-week injection period for improving VAS (P < 0.0001). Local swelling or erythema was the main AE following injection (random effects model, RD 0.16, 95% CI [0.05, 0.27], P = 0.005). Discussion. For individuals with AR, ILIT is safe and effective. ILIT alleviates clinical symptoms and reduces pharmaceutical consumption without causing severe AEs. However, the validity of this study is compromised by the substantial heterogeneity and risk of bias in the included researches. RegistrationCRD42022355329.
摘要：
Tuina is an effective treatment for neck pain (NP). However, there has been no bibliometric analysis of the global application and emerging trends of tuina performed for NP. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an overview of the current state and future trends in the field. Articles about tuina for NP, published from January 1, 2013, to January 1, 2023, were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace (6.1.R6) and VOSviewer (1.6.18) software were used to analyze annual trends in literature posts, countries, institutions, authors, cited references, and knowledge graphs of keyword co-occurrence, clustering, and burst using standard bibliometric indicators. The final analysis comprised 505 valid documents. The results demonstrate that the number of articles in the field of tuina therapy for NP has gradually increased over the years, showing the most active countries, institutions, journals, and authors. There were 323 keywords in the field, 322 research authors, and 292 research institutions, with the USA having the most publications (n = 140). The most published institution is Vrije University Amsterdam, and the most published journal is the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Peter R Blanpied is the most influential and most-cited author. Interventions (dry needling, massage therapy, and muscle energy techniques), common treatment sites for NP (upper trapezius), and complications (cervicogenic headache) are the top three frontiers mentioned in the field of tuina research for NP. The bibliometric study showed the current status and trends in clinical research on treating patients with NP using tuina, which may help researchers identify topics of interest and scope for future research in this field.
作者机构：
[潘思安; 刘余; 袁菡钰; 李娟; 岳增辉; 汪少华; 薛晓] College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of CM, Changsha 410208, China;[薛晓] Department of TCM, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China
作者机构：
[何灏龙; 刘红华; 刘琼; 钟欢; Zhong, Huan; 常小荣] College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion & Tuina and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;[刘密; 肖山峰] Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion & Tuina, Rehabilitation and Pain, Liuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuyang 410300, Hunan Province;[刘密] Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Bioinformatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208
作者机构：
[Xiong, Luo-jie] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Coll Acupuncture Massage & Rehabil, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.;[Tian, YF; Zhai, Chun-tao; Tian, Yue-feng; Li, Wei] Shanxi Univ Chinese Med, Clin Coll 2, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tian, YF ] S;Shanxi Univ Chinese Med, Clin Coll 2, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, Peoples R China.
关键词：
acupuncture and moxibustion;Chinese materia medica;immune checkpoint;autoimmune disease;tumor
摘要：
Immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint molecules has emerged as a key approach in cancer treatment, representing the forefront of antitumor research. However, studies on immune checkpoint molecules have mainly focused on targeted therapies. Chinese medicine (CM) research as a complementary medicine has revealed that immune checkpoint molecules also undergo disease-specific changes in the context of autoimmune diseases. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of CM studies on immune checkpoint molecules in the last 5 years, with a focus on their role in different diseases and treatment modalities. CM research predominantly utilizes oral administration of herbal plant extracts or acupuncture techniques, which stimulate the immune system by activating specific acupoints through temperature and needling. In this study, we analyzed the modulation and mechanisms of immune checkpoint molecules associated with different coinhibitory and costimulatory molecules, and reviewed the immune functions of related molecules and CM studies in treating autoimmune diseases and tumors. By summarizing the characteristics and research value of CM in regulating immune checkpoint molecules, this review aims to provide a useful reference for future studies in this field.
