摘要：
Cholesterol efflux from lipid-loaded cells is a key athero-protective event that counteracts cholesterol uptake. The imbalance between cholesterol efflux and uptake determines the prevention or development of atherosclerosis. Many proteins and factors participate in the cholesterol efflux event. However, there are currently no systematic models of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) that include most RCT-related factors and events. On the basis of recent research findings from other and our laboratories, we propose a novel model of one center and four systems with coupling transportation and networking regulation. This model represents a common way of cholesterol efflux; however, the systems in the model consist of different proteins/factors in different cells. In this review, we evaluate the novel model in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages, which are the most important original cells of foam cells. This novel model consists of 1) a caveolae transport center, 2) an intracellular trafficking system of the caveolin-1 complex, 3) a transmembrane transport system of the ABC-A1 complex, 4) a transmembrane transport system of the SR-B1 complex, and 5) an extracelluar trafficking system of HDL/Apo-A1. In brief, the caveolin-1 system transports cholesterol from intracellular compartments to caveolae. Subsequently, both ABC-A1 and SR-B1 complex systems transfer cholesterol from caveolae to extracellular HDL/Apo-A1. The four systems are linked by a regulatory network. This model provides a simple and concise way to understand the dynamic process of atherosclerosis.
作者机构：
[Wu Yan-shu; Zhang Qian; Jin Cheng; Xiao Xiao-he; Yan Dan] 302 Mil Hosp China, PLA Inst Chinese Mat Med, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.;[Wu Yan-shu; Zhang Qian; Wang Jian] Chengdu Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharm, Chengdu 611137, Peoples R China.;[Jiao Yi] Hunan Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharm, Changsha 410002, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Du Xiao-xi] State Food & Drug Adm, Ctr Drug Evaluat, Beijing 100038, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiao Xiao-he] 3;302 Mil Hosp China, PLA Inst Chinese Mat Med, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.
作者机构：
[Zhang XueRu; Ren YongShen; Wang JiaBo; Zhao HaiPing; Xiao XiaoHe; Zhou CanPing; Zhao YanLing] 302 Mil Hosp China, China Mil Inst Chinese Meteria Med, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.;[Zhang XueRu; Xia XinHua; Zhou CanPing] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Sci, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiao XiaoHe] 3;302 Mil Hosp China, China Mil Inst Chinese Meteria Med, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.
关键词：
"Cold" and " Hot" natures of Chinese medicine;evaluation;temperature tropism;ethology;drug process;Coptis chinensis Franch
摘要：
The description and differentiation of the so-called "Cold" and "Hot" natures, the primary "Drug Naure" of Chinese medicine, is the focus of theoretical research. In this study, the divergency between the "Cold" and the "Hot" natures was investigated through examining the temperature tropism of mice affected by Coptis chinensis Franch and its processed materials by using a cold/hot plate differentiating technology. After exposure to C. chinensis Franch, the macroscopic behavioral index of the remaining rate (RR) on a warm pad (40 A degrees C) significantly increased (P < 0.05), suggesting the enhancement of Hot tropism. The internal indexes of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and oxygen consuming volume decreased significantly (P < 0.05), suggesting the decapability of energy metabolism. This external behavior of Hot tropism might reflect the internal Cold nature of C. chinensis Franch. However, the processed materials of C. chinensis Franch exhibited a different Cold nature in temperature tropism compared with crude C. chinensis Franch (CC): the Cold nature of bile-processed C. chinensis Franch (BC) enhanced while the ginger-processed C. chinensis Franch (GC) changed inversely. The changing sequence was consistent with the theoretical prognostication. It is indicated that the external Cold & Hot natures of Chinese medicine may possibly reflect in an ethological way for the changes of animal's temperature tropism which might be internally regulated by the body's energy metabolism.
摘要：
Aim of the study: The inhibitive effect of BuYang HuanWu Decoction (BYHWD) and its major components on vascular intimal hyperplasia and the expressions of cell cycle protein and extracellular matrix protein. Materials and methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, control, alkaloid, glycoside, BYHWD and atorvastatin groups. Rat aorta intima in all groups were injured by insesion of domestic balloon catheter into the aortae except sham-operated rats. Drugs were administrated orally from the second day after vascular injury and continued for 14 days. The injured segments of aortae were collected on the sixteenth day after operation to observe the morphological changes of vascular structure and to examine the expressions of proteins in vascular cells associated with cell cycle including proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), cyclinD(1) and cyclinE, and extracellular matrix(ECM) proteins including collagen I (Col-1) and fibronectin (FN), further to discover the involved biologically active substances and the potential mechanisms. Results: Alkaloid and glycosid isolated from BYHWD were more effective than BYHVVD in the inhibition of intimal hyperplasia and the expressions of PCNA, cyclinD(1), cychnE, Col-I and FN, suggesting that alkaloid and glycoside may be the main components of BYHWD responsible for the observed inhibition of excessive hyperplasia of vascular intima. Conclusions: The mechanism associated with the anti-hyperplasia activity of BYHVVD and its effective components may be related to the blockage of cell cycles of VSMC, and the inhibition of the ECM protein synthesis, even the increased degradation of ECM proteins. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
目的：探究在以SH-SY5Y细胞作为神经元代表,β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ_(25-35)）诱导凋亡的阿尔茨海默症（Alzheimer′s Disease,AD）体外细胞模型中,西洋参水提物（water extracts of American Ginseng,WEAG）对神经元的保护作用。方法：流式细胞仪（FCM）检测确定Aβ_(25-35)诱导SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的最佳浓度和时间,以及WEAG抗凋亡的浓度,MTT法检测细胞存活率,Hoechst33258染色观察细胞形态的变化。结果：50μmol/L Aβ_(25-35)诱导SH-SY5Y细胞72 h后,细胞变圆,聚集,Hoechst33258染色可见明显的颗粒状和固缩状荧光,FCM检测凋亡率达（37.30±0.69）%,与对照组（1.56±0.80）%比较,差异具有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。而Aβ_(25-35)和不同浓度的WEAG（0.5、1、5 mg/ml）同时孵育后,细胞形态明显改善,MTT值显著高于Aβ_(25-35)处理组（P〈0.01）,凋亡率分别降低到（16.71±1.08）%、（10.52±2.11）%和（3.39±1.65）%,与Aβ_(25-35)损伤组（37.30±0.69）%相比,差异具有统计学意义（p〈0.05）,并呈现出剂量依赖关系。结论：西洋参水提物对Aβ_(25-35)诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡有显著的保护作用。
