作者机构：
[Lin, Limei; Lin, LM; Xiong, Suhui; Zhang, Zhimin; Sun, Miao; Yu, Jiahui; Xu, Chunfang; Xie, Jingchen; Li, Minjie] Human Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Key Lab Qual Evaluat Bulk Herbs Human Prov, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.;[Li, Chun] China Acad Chinese Med Sci, Inst Chinese Mat Med, Beijing 100700, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Lin, LM ] H;Human Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Key Lab Qual Evaluat Bulk Herbs Human Prov, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In recent years, caffeic acid and its derivatives have received increasing attention due to their obvious physiological activities and wide distribution in nature. In this paper, to clarify the status of research on plant-derived caffeic acid and its derivatives, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data and possible biosynthetic pathways of these compounds were collected from scientific databases (SciFinder, PubMed and China Knowledge). According to different types of substituents, 17 caffeic acid and its derivatives can be divided into the following classes: caffeoyl ester derivatives, caffeyltartaric acid, caffeic acid amide derivatives, caffeoyl shikimic acid, caffeoyl quinic acid, caffeoyl danshens and caffeoyl glycoside. Generalization of their (13)C-NMR and (1)H-NMR data revealed that acylation with caffeic acid to form esters involves acylation shifts, which increase the chemical shift values of the corresponding carbons and decrease the chemical shift values of the corresponding carbons of caffeoyl. Once the hydroxyl group is ester, the hydrogen signal connected to the same carbon shifts to the low field (1.1~1.6). The biosynthetic pathways were summarized, and it was found that caffeic acid and its derivatives are first synthesized in plants through the shikimic acid pathway, in which phenylalanine is deaminated to cinnamic acid and then transformed into caffeic acid and its derivatives. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference for further research on the rapid structural identification and biofabrication of caffeic acid and its derivatives.
作者机构：
[梁曜华; 李春; 刘晓谦; 王智民; 朱萱萱; 冯伟红] National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China;[林丽美; 廖端芳] School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China;[白璐] Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Zhuzhou, 412000, China
通讯机构：
[Li, C.] N;[Liao, D.-F.] S;School of Pharmacy, China;National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, China
摘要：
目的通过体内外实验研究大叶千斤拔对慢性盆腔炎大鼠的抗炎作用及其抗炎机制。方法细胞实验方面,以脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞建立体外炎症模型,研究大叶千斤拔对LPS诱导的巨噬细胞炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6和NO的影响,探究其对炎症调控相关蛋白诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和IκBα的影响。动物实验方面,应用雌二醇建立大鼠假动情后采用金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、解脲脲原体经阴道植入到宫腔内建立慢性盆腔炎模型。造模成功后,随机分为模型组、阳性药物组(妇炎康)、大叶千斤拔低(4.25 g · kg~(-1))、中(8.5 g · kg~(-1))、高(17 g ·kg~(-1))剂量组并连续灌胃给药21 d,正常组、假手术组、模型组灌胃生理盐水。末次给药后,大鼠眼眶静脉丛取血检测血清中IL-6和TNF-α,取大鼠子宫及其附件进行HE染色观察其子宫内膜和输卵管形态。结果细胞实验结果表明,大叶千斤拔能显著降低由LPS诱导的巨噬细胞炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和自由基NO的释放水平;抑制炎症因子调控相关蛋白IκBα的降解、降低iNOS等炎症相关蛋白的表达。动物实验结果表明,大叶千斤拔能显著降低盆腔炎大鼠血清中的炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6,且能很好地改善盆腔炎大鼠子宫和输卵管的炎症病变,增加子宫内膜厚度、缓解输卵管堵塞和粘连。结论大叶千斤拔对慢性盆腔炎的抗炎作用机制可能与其抑制IκBα蛋白的降解从而降低TNF-α、IL-6等炎症因子的释放,同时通过降低iNOS的表达进而显著降低NO的产生相关。 <&wdkj&>OBJECTIVE To explore the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of Flemingia macrophylla Merr. on chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (CPID) rats through in vivo and in vitro experiment. METHODS LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages RAW264.7 in vitro were applied to observe the effects of Flemingia macrophylla Merr. on expressions of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6) and free radical (NO) and inflammation related proteins (IκBα, iNOS). In vivo, estradiol was used to get false estrum, and then the CPID rat model was established by the infection of the mixture of Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Ureaplasma urealyticum via transvaginal implantation into the uterine cavity. After successful modeling, the rats were randomly divided into the model group, the positive drug group (Fuyankang),the low-dose group (4.25 g ·kg~(-1)), the medium-dose group (8.5 g ·kg~(-1)), and the high-dose group (17 g ·kg~(-1)), and were given continuously by gavage for 21 d. The normal group, sham operation group and mode group were given saline solution. After the final administration, rats' blood was collected from orbital venous plexus,and the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-a were measured by Elisa method. The rat's uterus and its accessories were studied by HE staining to observe the morphology of its endometrium and fallopian tubes. RESULTS Flemingia macrophylla Merr. can reduce the release levels of TNF-a,IL-6 and NO,inhibit the degradation of IκBα,and also reduce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. Moreover, it can significantly improve the pathological state of the uterus and fallo pian tubes of rats with CPID, and reduce TNF-a and IL-6 in the serum of rats with CPID. CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory effect mechanism of Flemingia macrophylla Merr. on CPID may be related to inhibiting the degradation of IκBα,thereby reducing the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-a,IL-6, and significantly reducing the generation of NO by decreasing the expression of iNOS.
作者机构：
[林丽美; 刘月新; Lin, Yan; 吴萍; 肖榕; 廖端芳] Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208, China;[林艳] College of Physics and Electronic, Central South University Changsha 410012, China;[李春] Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208, China Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
通讯机构：
Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
