摘要：
Bacterial biofilms widely exist in nature and seriously threaten global public health. Biofilms always cause persistent infection and seriously aggravate the occurrence of antibiotic resistance, which makes the treatment of bacterial infection difficult. Current conventional therapies, such as antibiotics, bacteriophages and quorum sensing inhibitors, are widely used to combat biofilms. However, these therapies are inadequate for the safe and effective treatment of biofilms. Antibiotics often produce resistance in treated bacteria, and antibacterial peptides are easily decomposed by proteases, so their efficacy is reduced. These results indicate that the treatment of biofilms needs further improvement. Increasing evidence has shown that natural medicine therapies have significant inhibitory effects on biofilms. This review summarized and analyzed the efficacy characteristics and corresponding mechanisms of conventional and natural medicine therapies combatting biofilms. By comparison, the advantages and disadvantages of those therapies have been classified and interpreted, so we have inferred that combined medication with natural medicines will be a more effective strategy against biofilms. This review lays a promising foundation for the development of antibiofilm agents and provides novel thinking for the treatment of bacterial biofilm infections.
期刊：
BioMed Research International,2020年2020:1-17 ISSN：2314-6133
通讯作者：
Li, Liang;Huang, HY;Li, WQ
作者机构：
[Yuan, Zhiying; Wu, Huaying; Huang, Huiyong; Li, Liang; Zhang, Shiying] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Shiying; Li, Weiqing] Shenzhen Luohu Peoples Hosp, Dept Tradit Chinese Med, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Shiying; Li, Weiqing] Shenzhen Univ, Dept Tradit Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp 2, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Shiying; Li, Weiqing] Shenzhen Luohu Peoples Hosp, Shenzhen Luohu Hosp Grp, Dept Tradit Chinese Med, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang, HY ; Li, L] H;[Li, WQ ] S;Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Changsha, Peoples R China.;Shenzhen Luohu Peoples Hosp, Dept Tradit Chinese Med, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;Shenzhen Univ, Dept Tradit Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp 2, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.
摘要：
<jats:p>Objective. To explore the effects of the Hedysarum multijugum Maxim.-Radix Salviae compound (Huangqi-Danshen Compound (HDC)) on oxidative capacity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy by a network pharmacology-based strategy. Methods. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)@Taiwan, TCM Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), TCM Integrated Database (TCMID), and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technology were used to obtain and screen HDC’s active components, and the PharmMapper database was used to predict HDC human target protein targets. The DCM genes were collected from the GeneCards and OMIM databases, and the network was constructed and analyzed by Cytoscape 3.7.1 and the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Finally, HDC was used to intervene in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) model rats, and important biological processes and signaling pathways were verified using techniques such as immunohistochemistry. Results. A total of 176 of HDC’s active components and 442 potential targets were obtained. The results of network analysis show that HDC can regulate DCM-related biological processes (such as negative regulation of the apoptotic process, response to hypoxia, the steroid hormone-mediated signaling pathway, cellular iron ion homeostasis, and positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling) and signaling pathways (such as the HIF-1 signaling pathway, the estrogen signaling pathway, insulin resistance, the PPAR signaling pathway, the VEGF signaling pathway, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway). Animal experiments show that HDC can reduce fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (<jats:inline-formula>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mn>0.05</mn>
</math>
</jats:inline-formula>). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that HDC can regulate the protein expression of apoptosis-related signaling pathways in DCM rats (<jats:inline-formula>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mn>0.05</mn>
</math>
</jats:inline-formula>). Conclusion. It was initially revealed that HDC improves DCM through its antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. HDC may play a therapeutic role by improving cardiomyocyte apoptosis in DCM rats.</jats:p>
摘要：
Objective To assess the effect and safety of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A for Injection (HSYAI) in treating patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and blood stasis syndrome (BSS). Methods A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose, active-controlled phase II trial was conducted at 9 centers in China from July 2013 to September 2015. Patients with moderate or severe AIS and BSS were randomly assigned to low-, medium-, high-dose HSYAI groups (25, 50 and 70 mg/d HSYAI by intravenous infusion, respectively), and a control group (Dengzhan Xixin Injection (& x706f;& x76cf;(sic)& x8f9b;(sic)& x5c04;& x6db2;, DZXXI) 30 mL/d by intravenous infusion), for 14 consecutive days. The primary outcome was the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score <= 1 at days 90 after treatment. The secondary outcomes included the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score <= 1, Barthel Index (BI) score > 95, and BSS score reduced > 30% from baseline at days 14, 30, 60, and 90 after treatment. The safety outcomes included any adverse events during 90 days after treatment. Results Of the 266 patients included in the effectiveness analysis, 66, 67, 65 and 68 cases were in the low-, medium-, and high-dose HSYAI and control groups, respectively. The proportions of patients in the medium- and high-dose HSYAI groups with mRS score <= 1 at days 90 after treatment were significantly larger than the control group (P<0.05). The incidences of favorable outcomes of NIHSS and BI at days 90 after treatment as well as satisfactory improvement of BSS at days 30 and 60 after treatment in the medium- and high-dose HSYAI groups were all significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). No significant difference was reported among the 4 groups in any specific adverse events (P>0.05). Conclusions HSYAI was safe and well-tolerated at all doses for treating AIS patients with BSS. The medium (50 mg/d) or high dose (75 mg/d) might be the optimal dose for a phase III trial. (Registration No. ChiCTR-2000029608)
期刊：
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS,2020年22(1):50-59 ISSN：1525-1578
通讯作者：
Huang, TJ;Wong, DTW
作者机构：
[Rufo, Joseph; Huang, TJ; Huang, Tony Jun; Wu, Mengxi; Yang, Shujie; Wang, Zeyu; Zhang, Jinxin; Chen, Chuyi] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, 144 Hudson Hall,Box 90300, Durham, NC 27708 USA.;[Kim, Yong; Tu, Michael; Li, Feng; Cheng, Jordan; Li, Liang; Wong, David T. W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Ctr Oral Head & Neck Oncol Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.;[Abemayor, Elliot] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Sch Dent, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.;[Abemayor, Elliot] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.;[Chia, David] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
通讯机构：
[Wong, DTW ] U;[Huang, TJ ] D;Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, 144 Hudson Hall,Box 90300, Durham, NC 27708 USA.;Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Oral Head & Neck Oncol Res, 10833 Le Conte Ave,73-017 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
作者机构：
[吴华英; 李静; 黄惠勇] Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China;[张臣; Wang Zhao-Hua] Department of Cardiology, The Hunan Brain Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China;[李丰] Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Luohu District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, China;[张世鹰] Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China<&wdkj&>Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Luohu District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, China
通讯机构：
[Huang Hui-Yong; Li Liang] P;Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China<&wdkj&>Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA<&wdkj&>Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
摘要：
Neurons undergo degeneration, apoptosis and death due to ischaemic stroke. The present study investigated the effect of Sijunzi decoction (SJZD), a type of traditional Chinese medicine known as invigorating spleen therapy, on anoikis (a type of apoptosis) in rat brains following cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion. Rats were randomly divided into sham, model, nimodipine and SJZD low/medium/high dose groups. A middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established. Neurobehavioural scores were evaluated after administration for 14 days using a five-grade scale. Blood-brain barrier permeability and apoptotic rate were detected using Evans blue (EB) extravasation and TUNEL staining, respectively. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and collagen IV (COL IV) were determined using immunohistochemistry. Neurobehavioural scores decreased remarkably in all SJZD and nimodipine groups compared to the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the sham group, EB extravasation was higher in the model group (P<0.01). The amount of EB extravasation decreased in the SJZD high dose and nimodipine groups compared to the model group (P<0.01), and extravasation in the SJZD high dose group was lower than the SJZD low and medium dose groups (P<0.01). TIMP-1 and MMP-9 expression and apoptotic rate increased, but COL IV decreased significantly in the hippocampus of the model group compared to the sham group (P<0.01). TIMP-1 and COL IV expression increased significantly and MMP-9 and apoptotic rate decreased remarkably in all SJZD and nimodipine groups compared to the model group (P<0.01). TIMP-1 and COL IV expression decreased, but MMP-9 expression and apoptotic rate increased in the SJZD low and medium dose groups compared to the SJZD high dose group (P<0.01). SJZD rescued neurons and improved neurobehavioural function in rats following cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion, especially when used at a high dose. The mechanism may be related to protection of the extracellular matrix followed by anti-apoptotic effects.
