摘要：
Pyroptosis and necroptosis are closely associated with the mechanism underlying cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The combination of astragaloside IV (AST IV) and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) has remarkable effects on the alleviation of cerebral I/R damage. However, whether inhibition of pyroptosis and necroptosis is the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of this drug combination on cerebral I/R injury remains unclear. To explore the effects and mechanisms of drug treatment, middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed to induce I/R injury in rats, which was verified based on neurological deficit score (NDS), infarct volume and H&E staining. Activation of pyroptosis and necroptosis was detected by western blot analysis of associated proteins. The results of the present study demonstrated that treatment with AST IV and PNS, either alone or in combination, significantly reduced the NDS, cerebral infarct volume and cell injury rate in the cerebral cortex of rats. The treatments also improved pathological injury to the cerebral cortex and reduced the levels of proteins associated with pyroptosis and necroptosis. These effects were stronger in the combination drug group compared with groups treated with a single drug alone. The findings of the present study suggested that the combination of AST IV and PNS exhibited stronger neuroprotective effects in I/R injury than either drug alone, and that the underlying mechanism was associated with inhibition of pyroptosis and necroptosis.
摘要：
Vascular remodelling refers to abnormal changes in the structure and function of blood vessel walls caused by injury, and is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and pulmonary hypertension. Among them, the neointimal hyperplasia caused by abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular remodelling. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) can release vasoactive substances to target VSMCs and regulate the pathological process of vascular remodelling. Specifically, PVAT can promote the conversion of VSMCs phenotype from contraction to synthesis by secreting visfatin, leptin, and resistin, and participate in the development of vascular remodelling-related diseases. Conversely, it can also inhibit the growth of VSMCs by secreting adiponectin and omentin to prevent neointimal hyperplasia and alleviate vascular remodelling. Therefore, exploring and developing new drugs or other treatments that facilitate the beneficial effects of PVAT on VSMCs is a potential strategy for prevention or treatment of vascular remodelling-related cardiovascular diseases.
摘要：
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers, with extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality. The main cause of death in CRC is distant metastasis; it affects patient prognosis and survival and is one of the key challenges in the treatment of CRC. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNA molecules with more than 200 nucleotides. Abnormal lncRNA expression is closely related to the occurrence and progression of several diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have shown that numerous lncRNAs play pivotal roles in the CRC metastasis, and reversing the expression of these lncRNAs through artificial means can reduce the malignant phenotype of metastatic CRC to some extent. This review summarizes the major mechanisms of lncRNAs in CRC metastasis and proposes lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for CRC and molecular markers for early diagnosis.
作者机构：
[Wu, Kun; Li, Sainan; Ye, Yingxi; Wu, Hanjiang; Zhang, Sheng] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Dept Stomatol, Renmin Rd 139, Changsha 410011, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhu, Keke] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Dept Stomatol, Affiliated Hosp 1, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wu, Hanjiang; Zhang, Sheng] D;Department of Stomatology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road, No. 139, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
摘要：
Salivary fistula is a relatively common complication in patients who have undergone a parotidectomy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bipolar coagulation forceps use on salivary fistulas. From March 2015 to June 2020, 177 patients who underwent a parotidectomy in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were recruited. The patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group based on whether bipolar coagulation forceps or sutures were used, respectively. The drainage output of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p = 0.04). The duration of dressing pressure applied in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (p = 0.0003). Moreover, the incidence of salivary fistula in the experimental group (9.8%, 8/82) was notably lower than that in the control group (34.7%, 33/95) (p < 0.0001). In the logistic regression model for salivary fistula development, both the use of bipolar coagulation forceps (p = 0.0021) and drainage output (p = 0.0237) were associated with the presence of salivary fistulas. Our findings indicate that the use of bipolar coagulation forceps decreases the incidence of salivary fistula in patients who have undergone a parotidectomy. The use of bipolar coagulation forceps is a safe, effective, and convenient method to prevent salivary fistulas in patients who undergo a parotidectomy. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ChiCTR2100044722, Date: 26/03/2021, Retrospectively registered.
通讯机构：
[Cao, Ke] D;Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China.
摘要：
Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been routinely implemented to treat bladder cancer; however, most patients have little or no clinical benefit. In this study, 348 pretreated metastatic urothelial cancer samples from the IMvigor210 cohort were used to identify important genes significantly associated with CD8+ T effector and immune checkpoint signatures. The immune checkpoint inhibitor score (IMS) scoring system was constructed to predict the immunotherapy responsiveness. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that the high IMS score group had significant immune activation with better prognosis and higher immunotherapy responsiveness, which was a powerful biomarker for predicting the prognosis and responsiveness of ICB. Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) scores were calculated using 2031 external bladder cancer samples for further validation. We selected the important Hub genes as potential therapeutic targets, and validated the genes using genomic, transcriptomic, immunomic, and other multi-omics methods. In addition, we construct a risk prediction model which could stratify patients with bladder cancer and predict patient prognosis and ICB treatment responsiveness. In conclusion, this study identified effective biomarkers for the prediction of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment responsiveness in bladder cancer patients and provided new immunotherapeutic targets.
摘要：
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignant tumors. The interaction between autophagy and the tumor immune microenvironment has clinical importance. Hence, it is necessary to explore reliable biomarkers associated with autophagy-related genes (ARGs) for risk stratification in OC. Here, we obtained ARGs from the MSigDB database and downloaded the expression profile of OC from TCGA database. The k-means unsupervised clustering method was used for clustering, and two subclasses of OC (cluster A and cluster B) were identified. SsGSEA method was used to quantify the levels of infiltration of 24 subtypes of immune cells. Metascape and GSEA were performed to reveal the differential gene enrichment in signaling pathways and cellular processes of the subtypes. We found that patients in cluster A were significantly associated with higher immune infiltration and immune-associated signaling pathways. Then, we established a risk model by LASSO Cox regression. ROC analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis were applied for evaluating the efficiency of the risk signature, patients with low-risk got better outcomes than those with high-risk in overall survival. Finally, ULK2 and GABARAPL1 expression was further validated in clinical samples. In conclusion, Our study constructed an autophagy-related prognostic indicator, and identified two promising targets in OC.
摘要：
Increasing evidence suggests that gasdermin D (GSDMD) mediated pyroptosis signaling pathways play a vital role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Jiangzhi Ligan Decoction (JZLGD) has been verified to prevent NAFLD, but its specific mechanism has not been determined. In this study, an NAFLD model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by a high-fat diet (HFD). After 12 weeks, JZLGD was orally administered once a day for 6 additional weeks. We investigated the effects of JZLGD on NAFLD rats and determined the GSDMD pathway-associated proteins to explore whether such effects were associated with pyroptosis. Our data show that JZLGD significantly reduced the liver index; improved serum lipid levels, liver function parameters, and lipid droplet content; and relieved NAFLD. We further found that the serum levels of the proinflammatory factors interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-6 were obviously decreased in the JZLGD group. HFD rats treated with GSDMD exhibited NLRP3, caspase-1, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and caspase-11 activation; however, these effects were blunted by JZLGD treatment. Taken together, JZLGD may exert hepatoprotective effects against NAFLD in a rat HFD model by regulating GSDMD-mediated canonical/noncanonical pyroptosis pathways.
期刊：
American Journal of Translational Research,2021年13(6):6279-6287 ISSN：1943-8141
作者机构：
[Kong, Chun-Chu; Hu, Rui-Cheng; Tan, Shuang-Xiang; Chen, Yun-Rong; Wang, Li-Le; Fu, Dai-Yan] Hunan Normal Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Hunan Prov Peoples Hosp, Dept Resp Med, Changsha 410016, Peoples R China.;[Dai, Ai-Guo] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Med Sch, Dept Resp Dis, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Ming] Hunan Normal Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Hunan Prov Peoples Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol Med, Changsha 410016, Peoples R China.
关键词：
NSCLC;CHOP;cisplatin;Bcl-2;JNK;apoptosis
摘要：
C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), a 29 kDa cellular protein, plays a role in regulating tumor proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, cell death, and in tumor resistance to chemotherapy. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a tumor of the respiratory system and drug resistance is prevalent among NSCLC clinical cell cultures. Herein, our study elucidated the effect of CHOP on NSCLC cells with cisplatin resistance and its mechanism. In a NSCLC cell line with cisplatin-resistance, CHOP expression was decreased, compared with A549 cells. Overexpression of CHOP decreased the cell viability and enhanced cell apoptosis in the cells treated with cisplatin. Expression of CHOP also inhibited the cell proliferation and metastasis. CHOP increased the therapeutic effect of cisplatin on NSCLC cells through the Bcl-2/JNK pathway. In summary, CHOP regulated cisplatin resistance in cells of NSCLC by promoting the expression of apoptotic proteins and inhibiting the Bcl-2/JNK signaling pathway, indicating the antitumor effects of CHOP.
期刊：
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,2021年9 ISSN：2296-634X
作者机构：
[Yeung, William S. B.; Chiu, Philip C. N.; Wang, Ying; Ou, Jian-Ping; Leung, Tsz-Ying; Lee, Cheuk-Lun; Mei, Si; Zhao, Weie] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Queen Mary Hosp, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Ying] Peking Univ Third Hosp, Ctr Reprod Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Panyu; Liang, Xiaoyan; Zhao, Weie] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 6, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.;[Mei, Si] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Dept Physiol, Med Coll, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Yeung, William S. B.; Chiu, Philip C. N.; Leung, Tsz-Ying; Lee, Cheuk-Lun] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Shenzhen Key Lab Feral Regulat, Shenzhen Hosp, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.
关键词：
zona pellucida;human spermatozoa;sialyl-Lewis(x);C1orf56;fertilization rate
摘要：
Capacitated spermatozoa initiate fertilization by binding to the zona pellucida (ZP). Defective spermatozoa-ZP binding causes infertility. The sialyl-Lewis(x) (SLeX) sequence is the most abundant terminal sequence on the glycans of human ZP glycoproteins involving in spermatozoa-ZP binding. This study aimed to identify and characterize the SLeX-binding proteins on human spermatozoa. By using affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometric analysis, chromosome 1 open reading frame 56 (C1orf56) was identified to be a SLeX-binding protein of capacitated spermatozoa. The acrosomal region of spermatozoa possessed C1orf56 immunoreactive signals with intensities that increased after capacitation indicating translocation of C1orf56 to the cell surface during capacitation. Treatment with antibody against C1orf56 inhibited spermatozoa-ZP binding and ZP-induced acrosome reaction. Purified C1orf56 from capacitated spermatozoa bound to human ZP. A pilot clinical study was conducted and found no association between the percentage of capacitated spermatozoa with C1orf56 expression and in vitro fertilization (IVF) rate in assisted reproduction treatment. However, the percentage of C1orf56 positive spermatozoa in the acrosome-reacted population was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in cycles with a fertilization rate < 60% when compared to those with a higher fertilization rate, suggesting that C1orf56 may have functions after ZP-binding and acrosome reaction. A larger clinical trial is needed to determine the possible use of sperm C1orf56 content for the prediction of fertilization potential of sperm samples.
作者：
Liu Chunhua;Li Zhixiong;Wu Dahua;Yuan Chunyun;Deng Haoqin;...
期刊：
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,2021年34(3):843-854 ISSN：1011-601X
作者机构：
[Liu Chunhua] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Coll Integrated Tradit Chinese & Western Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li Zhixiong] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Med Sch, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wu Dahua] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp Integrated Tradit Chinese & Weste, Dept Encephalopathy, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yuan Chunyun; Yuan Sisi] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp Integrated Tradit Chinese & Weste, Dept Geriatr, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Deng Haoqin] Chinese Peoples Liberat Army, Hosp 458, Dept Tradit Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Posterior circulation ischemia;vertigo;Xuan-Yun-Ding;puerarin;Chinese medicine
摘要：
The aim of research is to unveil the mechanisms of the beneficial effects of XYD on PCIV in a rabbit model. 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups,including normal control group (NC), model control group (MC), low-dose of XYD group (LXYD), high-dose of XYD group (HXYD) and Yang-Xue-Qin-Nao group (YXQN). PCIV rabbit model was established by feeding high-fat diet companied with paravertebral sclerotherapy and rotation exercise. The general observation, step-down test, rheoencephalogram, blood tests, histopathological detection and the plasma concentration of the effective component of XYD were investigated. After pharmacological intervening, the step-down time, REG, PL, IPL, blood viscosity, the levels of blood lipids, CRGP were significantly improved. Moreover, the vertebral artery showed the reduced stenosis of arterial lumen and less proliferation of fibrous tissue in the arterial wall in the LXYD, HXYD and YXQN group. Based on the LC-MS detection, the blood concentrations of puerarin in the LXYD and HXYD group were significantly increased after pharmacological intervening. XYD could ameliorate the symptoms of vertigo, Qi-deficiency and blood stasis in PCIV rabbits via effectively regulating the levels of blood lipids and vasoactive substances, decreasing blood viscosity, increasing CBF and protecting vestibular function.
摘要：
Neuroinflammation contributes to the occurrence and development of epilepsy. However, several inflammatory factors that are important for facilitating the diagnosis to reduce or prevent seizures need to be further studied. This study is aimed to explore serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), interleukin-6 (IL-6), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and homocysteine (HCY) in epilepsy patients and the relationship of them with epilepsy. Epilepsy patients (n = 101) in the Second Xiangya Hospital from January 2017 to August 2018 were allocated to the epilepsy groups, which were divided into idiopathic epilepsy group (n = 43) and symptomatic epilepsy group (n = 58) according to the pathogeny. Healthy individuals (n = 50) were allocated to the control group. The concentrations of serum MMP-9, IL-6, hs-CRP, and HCY in all samples were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, chemiluminescence method, latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetry, and enzyme circulation method. The levels of serum MMP-9, IL-6, hs-CRP, and HCY in epilepsy patients were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively). The levels of serum MMP-9, IL-6, hs-CRP, and HCY in the symptomatic epilepsy group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05, respectively). The levels of serum MMP-9, IL-6, and hs-CRP in idiopathic epilepsy patients were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05, respectively). The serum HCY level in the idiopathic epilepsy group was lower than that in the symptomatic epilepsy group (P < 0.01). MMP-9, IL-6, hs-CRP, and HCY may be recommended as the state biomarker to distinguish etiology of epilepsy. We hope our study could provide help in some ways for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
期刊：
Frontiers in Genetics,2020年11:591079 ISSN：1664-8021
通讯作者：
Luo, Guoqing
作者机构：
[Zhuang, Gaojian; Luo, Guoqing] Guangzhou Med Univ, Qingyuan Peoples Hosp, Affiliated Hosp 6, Qingyuan, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Yu] Tianjin Med Univ Canc Inst & Hosp, Key Lab Canc Prevent & Therapy, Dept Thyroid & Neck Tumor, Natl Clin Res Ctr Canc, Tianjin, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Qun] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Dept Pathol, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[He, Qian] Jinan Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurosurg, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Luo, Guoqing] G;Guangzhou Med Univ, Qingyuan Peoples Hosp, Affiliated Hosp 6, Qingyuan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
M1 macrophages;CIBERSORT;weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA);nomogram;thyroid cancer (THCA)
摘要：
Macrophages are key innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment that regulate primary tumor growth, vascularization, metastatic spread and response to therapies. Macrophages can polarize into two different states (M1 and M2) with distinct phenotypes and functions. To investigate the known tumoricidal effects of M1 macrophages, we obtained RNA expression profiles and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Thyroid Cancer (TCGA-THCA). The proportions of immune cells in tumor samples were assessed using CIBERSORT, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify M1 macrophage-related modules. Univariate Cox analysis and LASSO-Cox regression analysis were performed, and four genes (SPP1, DHRS3, SLC11A1, and CFB) with significant differential expression were selected through GEPIA. These four genes can be considered hub genes. The four-gene risk-scoring model may be an independent prognostic factor for THCA patients. The validation cohort and the entire cohort confirmed the results. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors for THCA. Finally, a prognostic nomogram was built based on the entire cohort, and the nomogram combining the risk score and clinical prognostic factors was superior to the nomogram with individual clinical prognostic factors in predicting overall survival. Time-dependent ROC curves and DCA confirmed that the combined nomogram is useful. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to elucidate the potential molecular functions of the high-risk group. Our study identified four genes associated with M1 macrophages and established a prognostic nomogram that predicts overall survival for patients with THCA, which may help determine clinical treatment options for different patients.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH,2020年40(11):524-529 ISSN：1079-9907
通讯作者：
Liu, Yong
作者机构：
[Zhou, Hongfei; Weng, Wujin; Yu, Qi] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Med, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Yamei] Cent South Univ, Dept Lab Med, Xiangya Hosp 2, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Ding, Shan; Liu, Yong; Huang, Kai] Cent South Univ, Natl Clin Res Ctr Mental Disorders, Xiangya Hosp 2, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Ding, Shan; Liu, Yong; Huang, Kai] Cent South Univ, Dept Psychiat, Xiangya Hosp 2, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Ding, Shan; Liu, Yong; Huang, Kai] Hunan Key Lab Psychiat & Mental Hlth, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Yong] C;Cent South Univ, Natl Clin Res Ctr Mental Disorders, Dept Psychiat, Xiangya Hosp 2, 139 Rennin Middle Rd, Changsha 410011, Peoples R China.
关键词：
FES;platelet parameters;NLR;PLR;MLR
摘要：
Serotonin (5-HT) and inflammation are 2 major hypotheses in schizophrenia (SZ) pathogenesis, both of which involve platelets. However, the association between platelet and SZ has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes of platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT) in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES). Meanwhile, 3 inflammation markers, including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), were evaluated. Complete blood count of 106 FES patients, 82 first-episode depression (FED) patients, and 120 healthy controls (HCs) were compared. In addition, PLR, NLR, and MLR were calculated and compared among 3 groups. Our data suggested that PLT, MPV, P-LCR, PDW, PCT, NLR, PLR, and MLR in FES patients were significantly increased than those in the HCs (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05, respectively). PLT, PCT, PLR, and MLR in FED patients were significantly higher than those in the HCs (P < 0.01). However, no significant difference in MPV, P-LCR, and NLR was identified between FED patients and HCs (P > 0.05). Moreover, MPV, P-LCR, PDW, NLR, and MLR in FES patients were significantly higher than those in FED patients (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05, respectively). The elevation of PLT, MPV, P-LCR, PDW, PCT, NLR, PLR, and MLR in FES patients supported 5-HT and inflammation hypotheses in SZ pathogenesis. Further, our data suggested that increasing levels of MPV, P-LCR, PDW, NLR, and MLR might help to distinguish FES from FED. Clinical Trials.gov ID: 2018JJ2580
作者机构：
[Ning, Yi; Lu, Fangguo; Hu, Jue] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Med Sch, Dept Microbiol, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Lu, Fangguo] H;Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Med Sch, Dept Microbiol, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Aptamer;SELEX;Aptasensor;Targeted drug delivery;Nucleic acid therapeutics
摘要：
Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acid sequences that can bind to target molecules with high selectivity and affinity. Most aptamers are screened in vitro by a combinatorial biology technique called systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Since aptamers were discovered in the 1990s, they have attracted considerable attention and have been widely used in many fields owing to their unique advantages. In this review, we present an overview of the advancements made in aptamers used for biosensors and targeted therapy. For the former, we will discuss multiple aptamer-based biosensors with different principles detected by various signaling methods. For the latter, we will focus on aptamer-based targeted therapy using aptamers as both biotechnological tools for targeted drug delivery and as targeted therapeutic agents. Finally, challenges and new perspectives associated with these two regions were further discussed. We hope that this review will help researchers interested in aptamer-related biosensing and targeted therapy research.
摘要：
A novel organoantimony complex of 6-cyclohexyl-6,7-dihydrodibenzo[c,f] [1,5]azastibocin-12(5H)-yl nitrate (2) was synthesized and systematically characterized by techniques such as NMR spectra, TG-DSC, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the complex 2 exhibits relatively strong Lewis acidity (3.3 < Ho ≤ 4.8) and could be employed as a water tolerant Lewis acid catalyst for the synthesis of synthetically valuable benzimidazole derivatives starting from aldehydes and arylenediamines. This catalytic system shows excellent tolerance toward a wide variety of functional groups, such as methyl, methoxyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, nitro, cyan, trifluoromethyl, 1-naphthaldehyde, furfural and n-butyl, together with facile reusability in 5 times scale enlarged synthesis.
关键词：
Biopsy;Primary malignant melanoma of the lung;Malignant melanoma;Positron emission tomography-computed tomography;Pathology;Diagnosis;Case report
摘要：
BACKGROUND Primary malignant melanoma of the lung (PMML) is a rare and highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Here, we report a PMML case diagnosed by computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous biopsy, describe its pathological features and review relevant literature to improve our understanding of this tumor. CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old Chinese female presented with productive cough for 7 mo. A chest CT scan showed a large and space-occupying lesion in Lingual lobe. Positron emission tomography-CT revealed multiple nodules located in the superior lobe apicoposterior segment of her left lung. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed numerous enhancing nodules, suggesting brain metastasis. Abdominal CT scan did not show any abnormalities. By CT-guided percutaneous biopsy, four pieces of gray and taupe tissues (1 cm length and 0.1 mm in diameter) were obtained. After pathologic examination, the tumor was found to consist of epidermal and nested small round cells, fibrosis and thin-walled blood vessels. The finding was suggestive of malignant melanoma. To confirm the diagnosis, pathological morphology and immunophenotypic features of the biopsy specimens were observed. The patient denied any history of skin tumors. No abnormal lesions were detected in other sites of the body. Molecular testing was positive for wild-type EGFR and KIT gene mutations. Finally, the clinical and pathological findings suggested PMML. CONCLUSION PMML is very rare, and the percutaneous biopsy tissue is limited. Therefore, comprehensive consideration of histology, immunohistochemistry, imaging, and clinical information is important for the diagnosis of PMML.
作者机构：
[Zhou, Bingping; Zhang, Wei; Li, Yaojin] Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, 152 Luoyu St, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Bingping; Zhang, Wei; Li, Yaojin] Minist Educ, Key Lab Adolescent Cyberpsychol & Behav CCNU, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Bingping; Zhang, Wei; Li, Yaojin] Cent China Normal Univ, Hubei Human Dev & Mental Hlth Key Lab, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Xue, Jinfeng] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Med Sch, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang-James, Yanli] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Wei] C;Cent China Normal Univ, Sch Psychol, 152 Luoyu St, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
This study tested the causal link between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Internet addiction (IA) and investigated motivational and executive dysfunction as explanatory mechanisms in this association. A sample of 682 young adults completed self-report measures both at Time1 and Time2, six-months apart, including 54 ADHD participants diagnosed by the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale and the Continuous Performance Test. According to the performance in four cognitive tasks, ADHD participants were classified into three groups based on the dual pathway model of ADHD: executive dysfunction (ED), motivational dysfunction (MD) and combined dysfunction (CD). Participants’ severity of IA symptoms was assessed using the self-report Chen IA Scale. Results indicated that ADHD scores at Time1 predicted IA scores at Time2 but not vice versa. ADHD participants were easier to be IA than controls, while the severity of IA among the three ADHD groups changed differently. The MD and CD groups became more excessively engaged in Internet use over the course of the six-months while the ED group was unchanged. These findings identify ADHD as a potential risk factor for IA and suggest that motivational dysfunction, characterized by an excessive preference for immediate reward over delayed rewards, is a better predictor of IA than executive dysfunction.
