关键词：
acupuncture;clinical trial;complication;controlled study;human;multicenter study;neck pain;quality of life;randomized controlled trial;spondylosis;treatment outcome;Acupuncture Therapy;Humans;Neck Pain;Quality of Life;Spondylosis;Treatment Outcome
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
<jats:p>Cervical spondylosis (CS)-related neck pain is difficult to treat because of its degenerative nature. The aim of this 9-center, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of optimized acupuncture for CS-related neck pain. Participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomized to optimized, shallow, and sham acupuncture groups (1:1:1). The primary outcome was the change from baseline in the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire score at week 4. Participants were followed up until week 16. Of the 896 randomized participants, 857 received ≥1 intervention session; 280, 286, and 291 received optimized, shallow, and sham acupuncture, respectively. A total of 835 (93.2%) participants completed the study. At week 4, significant differences (<jats:italic toggle="yes">P</jats:italic> < 0.001) were observed in the changes in Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire scores between the optimized acupuncture group and both the shallow {7.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.57-9.86)} and sham acupuncture (10.38 [95% CI, 8.25-12.52]) groups. The difference in the scores at week 16 between the optimized acupuncture group and the shallow (8.84 [95% CI, 6.34-11.34]) and sham acupuncture (10.81 [95% CI, 8.32-13.30]) groups were significant. The center effect indicated wide variability in the treatment effects (Cohen's <jats:italic toggle="yes">d</jats:italic> = 0.01-2.19). Most SF-36 scores were higher in the optimized acupuncture group than those in the other groups. These results suggest that 4-week optimized acupuncture treatment alleviates CS-related neck pain and improves the quality of life, with the effects persisting for minimum 3 months. Therefore, acupuncture can have positive effects on CS-related neck pain, although the effect size may vary widely.</jats:p>
摘要：
Recently, a large quantity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) enters the environment due to the increasing production and applications. More and more researches are focused on the fate and possible ecological risks of CNTs. Some literatures summarized the effects of CNTs on the chemical behavior and fate of pollutants. However, little reviewed the effects of CNTs on the biodegradation of pollutants. In general, the effects of CNTs on the biodegradation of pollutants and the related mechanisms were summarized in this review. CNTs have positive or negative effects on the biodegradation of contaminants by affecting the functional microorganisms, enzymes and the bioavailability of pollutants. CNTs may affect the microbial growth, activity, biomass, community composition, diversity and the activity of enzymes. The decrease of the bioavailability of pollutants due to the sorption on CNTs also causes the reduction of the biodegradation of contaminants. In addition, the roles of CNTs are controlled by multiple mechanisms, which are divided into three aspects i.e., properties of CNTs, environment condition, and microorganisms themself. The better understanding of the fate of CNTs and their impacts on the biochemical process in the environment is conducive to determine the release of CNTs into the environment.
作者机构：
[Liu, Zhenbao; Cai, Shundong; Chen, Jun; He, Qunye; Yan, Jianhua; Xiong, Hongjie] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Changsha 410013, Peoples R China.;[Mo, Miao] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Dept Urol, Changsha 410008, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Yanfei] Cent South Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Dongming] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.;[Liu, ZB; Mo, Miao] Cent South Univ, 172 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha 410013, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, ZB ; Mo, M] C;Cent South Univ, 172 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha 410013, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cancer therapy;Stimuli responsive;Dynamic targeting;Drug delivery system;Controlled release
摘要：
Conventional tumor-targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) face challenges, such as unsatisfied systemic circulation, low targeting efficiency, poor tumoral penetration, and uncontrolled drug release. Recently, tumor cellular molecules-triggered DDSs have aroused great interests in addressing such dilemmas. With the introduction of several additional functionalities, the properties of these smart DDSs including size, surface charge and ligand exposure can response to different tumor microenvironments for a more efficient tumor targeting, and eventually achieve desired drug release for an optimized therapeutic efficiency. This review highlights the recent research progresses on smart tumor environment responsive drug delivery systems for targeted drug delivery. Dynamic targeting strategies and functional moieties sensitive to a variety of tumor cellular stimuli, including pH, glutathione, adenosine-triphosphate, reactive oxygen species, enzyme and inflammatory factors are summarized. Special emphasis of this review is placed on their responsive mechanisms, drug loading models, drawbacks and merits. Several typical multi-stimuli responsive DDSs are listed. And the main challenges and potential future development are discussed. (C) 2019 Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. Published by Elsevier B.V.
摘要：
Microglia are the most widely equipped protective cells in the brain and play a pivotal role in the development of neurological diseases. Inflammatory response and oxidative stress are critical risk factors in the activation of microglia which may cause various neurological diseases. Higenamine (Hig), a plant-based alkaloid and isolated from Aconite tuber, exhibits various properties and is mainly applied to treat heart failure. In addition, Hig expresses potential protective effects for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effects and mechanisms of Hig on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated mouse microglia has not been fully explored. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of Hig on LPS-activated BV2 microglia and revealed the underlying mechanisms. Our data showed that Hig significantly inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as NO (mediated by iNOS) and PGE(2) (mediated by COX2) in LPS-activated BV2 cells. Then we found that Hig suppressed NF-kappa B signaling pathway by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B/p65 subunit as well as degradation and phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha in cytoplasm, and the effect of Hig was intimately related to NF-kappa B inhibitor BAY-11-7082. Furthermore, we found that the anti-inflammatory effect of Hig were accompanied by the promotion of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) expression, which was partly reversed by protoporphyrin (SnPP) and Nrf2 siRNA, respectively. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Hig expressed significant anti-inflammatory and -oxidative effects by inhibiting NF-kappa B and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways.
摘要：
Herein, the high surface area and efficient visible light (VSL) induced photocatalyst, namely 2D/0D g-C3N4/CdS-nitrogen doped hollow carbon spheres (NHCs) composites have been prepared. Firstly, the physicochemical, photoelectric and electronic structures (including band structure, density of state and charge density difference) properties of the obtained samples were studied. Then, the photocatalytic experiments indicated that the g-C3N4/CdS-NHCs composites performed a markedly improved VSL photocatalytic performance and photostability for cloxacillin antibiotic degradation compared with pure g-C3N4, CdS and g-C3N4/CdS heterojunction. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4/CdS-NHCs composites could ascribe to the synergy between g-C3N4/CdS heterojunction and NHCs, which obviously improved the specific surface area, the absorption of VSL, the transfer rate of electrons and the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs of the photocatalysts. Finally, the mechanism analysis showed that active substances h(+), center dot O-2(-), and center dot OH worked together in the photocatalytic process, which attack the beta-lactam, thiazolidine ring and amide group should be the fatal act for CLX mineralization.
作者机构：
[夏伯候; 廖扬振; 庹勤慧] Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China;Engineering Center of Medicinal and Edible Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China;Institute of TCM Diagnostics, Changsha, 410208, China;Hunan Province Pharmacy “Twelve Five” Key Disciplines, Changsha, 410208, China;[陈光宇,,] Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China, Engineering Center of Medicinal and Edible Functional Food, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China, Institute of TCM Diagnostics, Changsha, 410208, China
通讯机构：
[Liao, D.] H;Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChina
摘要：
Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is a well-established technology for the screening of aptamers binding to various targets with relatively high specificity and affinity. The screened aptamers have shown great achievements in bio-sensing and targeted therapeutics, which in turn stimulate continuous development of SELEX technology. To date, many SELEX technologies have been established, such as cell-SELEX, mag-SELEX, capillary electrophoresis SELEX and some novel modifications of SELEX. This review highlights current screening technologies and comprehensively pinpoints their principles, pros and cons. Some main aptamers screened by SELEX or involved in clinical trials are summarized. While, there are still challenges in obtaining of aptamer with high affinity and in an efficient way. The limitations and possible future directions on the screening of aptamers are also outlined.
期刊：
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2019年132:190-202 ISSN：0141-8130
通讯作者：
Liu, ZB;Liu, YF
作者机构：
[Liu, Zhenbao; Cai, Shundong; Liu, ZB; He, Qunye; Yan, Jianhua; Xiong, Hongjie] Cent S Univ, Xiangya Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut, Changsha 410013, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Yanfei; Liu, YF] Cent S Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Dept Pharmaceut Engn, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Dongming] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, ZB ; Liu, YF ] C;Cent S Univ, Xiangya Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut, Changsha 410013, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Cent S Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Dept Pharmaceut Engn, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cancer biomarker;Nucleic acid aptamer;Protein
摘要：
Identification of biomarkers is essential for diagnosis, targeted therapy and prognosis evaluation of diseases, especially cancers. Currently, the number of ideal clinical biomarkers is still limited partially because of lacking efficient methods in biomarker discovery. Nucleic acid aptamers are artificial single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences that can selectively bind to various targets with high specificity and affinity. Moreover, aptamers possess desirable advantages, including easy synthesis, convenient modification, relative chemical stability and low immunogenicity. Recently, different aptamer-based strategies have been developed to facilitate the discovery of biomarkers. Based on cell-SELEX technology, the selected aptamers can be used to identify cell-surface protein biomarkers of different cancer cells. SOMAscan can analyze thousands of proteins of different biological samples, which becomes a multiplexed protein biomarker discovery platform. Additionally, secreted protein biomarkers can be discovered by aptamers screened through secretome SELEX. In order to facilitate the identification of target proteins, several covalent cross-linking strategies have been developed, such as aptamer-based affinity labeling (ABAL), DNA-templated aptamer and protein-aptamer template (PAT). In this review, we mainly highlight the emerging nucleic acid aptamer-based biomarker discovery strategies and demonstrate their unique technological advantages in discovering cancer biomarkers. The challenges and perspectives of aptamer-based methods are also discussed. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
