作者机构：
[Wu, Ren-Rong; Wang, Xiao-Ping; Wu, RR; Shi, Zhe] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Natl Clin Res Ctr Mental Disorders, Changsha 410011, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Ren-Rong; Wang, Xiao-Ping; Wu, RR; Shi, Zhe] Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Dept Psychaitry, Changsha 410011, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Peng, Zhuang; Liao, Duan-Fang; Liu, Xin-Min; Peng, Sha; Tuo, Qin-Hui; Shi, Zhe] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Key Lab Qual Evaluat Bulk Herbs Hunan Prov, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Shan-Guang; Li, Ying-Hui; Liu, Xin-Min; Qu, Li-Na; Shi, Zhe] China Astronaut Res & Training Ctr, State Key Lab Space Med Fundamentals & Applicat, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.;[Yuan, Ti-Fei; Shi, Zhe] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Sch Med, Shanghai Key Lab Psychot Disorders, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yuan, TF ] S;[Wu, RR ] C;Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Natl Clin Res Ctr Mental Disorders, Changsha 410011, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Dept Psychaitry, Changsha 410011, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Sch Med, Shanghai Key Lab Psychot Disorders, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
关键词：
central nervous system;synthetic torpor;energy metabolism;neurobehavioural functions;manned spaceflight
摘要：
<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>During a long‐duration manned spaceflight mission, such as flying to Mars and beyond, all crew members will spend a long period in an independent spacecraft with closed‐loop bioregenerative life‐support systems. Saving resources and reducing medical risks, particularly in mental heath, are key technology gaps hampering human expedition into deep space. In the 1960s, several scientists proposed that an induced state of suppressed metabolism in humans, which mimics ‘hibernation’, could be an ideal solution to cope with many issues during spaceflight. In recent years, with the introduction of specific methods, it is becoming more feasible to induce an artificial hibernation‐like state (synthetic torpor) in non‐hibernating species. Natural torpor is a fascinating, yet enigmatic, physiological process in which metabolic rate (MR), body core temperature (<jats:italic>T</jats:italic><jats:sub>b</jats:sub>) and behavioural activity are reduced to save energy during harsh seasonal conditions. It employs a complex central neural network to orchestrate a homeostatic state of hypometabolism, hypothermia and hypoactivity in response to environmental challenges. The anatomical and functional connections within the central nervous system (CNS) lie at the heart of controlling synthetic torpor. Although progress has been made, the precise mechanisms underlying the active regulation of the torpor–arousal transition, and their profound influence on neural function and behaviour, which are critical concerns for safe and reversible human torpor, remain poorly understood. In this review, we place particular emphasis on elaborating the central nervous mechanism orchestrating the torpor–arousal transition in both non‐flying hibernating mammals and non‐hibernating species, and aim to provide translational insights into long‐duration manned spaceflight. In addition, identifying difficulties and challenges ahead will underscore important concerns in engineering synthetic torpor in humans. We believe that synthetic torpor may not be the only option for manned long‐duration spaceflight, but it is the most achievable solution in the foreseeable future. Translating the available knowledge from natural torpor research will not only benefit manned spaceflight, but also many clinical settings attempting to manipulate energy metabolism and neurobehavioural functions.</jats:p>
摘要：
Chronic infection is considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis. The link between infectious agents and atherosclerosis is manifested by the presence of infection-induced pyroptotic cells in atherosclerotic lesions. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that occurs most frequently upon infection. However, inflammation is not the only cause by which pyroptosis involved in atherosclerosis. During pyroptosis, a large amount of microparticles are released from pyroptotic cells, which not only transfer inflammatory mediators to arterial vessel, but also mediate the interaction between a variety of cells, leading to endothelial injury, macrophage infiltration, vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, thereby accelerating atherosclerosis. Thus, we proposed hypothesis that pyroptotic cell-derived microparticle is an atherogenic factor in infectious diseases.
期刊：
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2020年2020:1-9 ISSN：1741-427X
通讯作者：
Lin, F
作者机构：
[Li, Dongxu; Sun, Siyu; Lin, Fei; Zhao, Guoan; Wang, Xiulong; Li, Xuefang; Zhang, Yiyue] Xinxiang Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, Peoples R China.;[Tuo, Qinhui] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Lin, F ] X;Xinxiang Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
<jats:p>Cardiovascular disease is one of the main human health risks, and the incidence is increasing. Salidroside is an important bioactive component of <jats:italic>Rhodiola rosea</jats:italic> L., which is used to treat Alzheimer’s disease, tumor, depression, and other diseases. Recent studies have shown that salidroside has therapeutic effects, to some degree, in cardiovascular diseases via an antioxidative mechanism. However, evidence-based clinical data supporting the effectiveness of salidroside in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases are limited. In this review, we discuss the effects of salidroside on cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases and highlight potential antioxidant therapeutic strategies.</jats:p>
期刊：
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE BIOLOGY,2020年253(2):101-108 ISSN：0022-2631
通讯作者：
Long, Shi-yin;Zhang, CP
作者机构：
[Wang, Chu-yao; Long, Shi-yin; Long, SY; Li, Bo-jie; Zhang, Cai-ping; Jiang, Su-su] Univ South China, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Med Coll, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Hao] Univ South China, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Clin Lab, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Tuo, Qin-hui] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, State Key Lab Chinese Med Powder & Med Innovat Hu, Div Stem Cell Regulat & Applicat, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liao, Duan-fang] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, State Key Lab Chinese Med Powder & Med Innovat Hu, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Long, SY; Zhang, CP ] U;Univ South China, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Med Coll, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
KIF16B;Kinesin;Endocytic trafficking;Cholesterol transport
摘要：
As a member of the kinesin-3 family, kinesin family member 16B (KIF16B) has a characteristic PhoX homology (PX) domain that binds to membranes containing phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI(3)P) and moves along microtubule filaments to the plus end via a process regulated by coiled coils in the stalk region in various cell types. The physiological function of KIF16B supports the transport of intracellular cargo and the formation of endosomal tubules. Ras-related protein (Rab) coordinates many steps of membrane transport and are involved in the regulation of KIF16B-mediated vesicle trafficking. Data obtained from clinical research suggest that KIF16B has a potential effect on the disease processes in intellectual disability, abnormal lipid metabolism, and tumor brain metastasis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the structural and physiological characteristics of KIF16B as well as diseases associated with KIF16B disorders, and speculating its role as a potential adaptor for intracellular cholesterol trafficking. Graphic
摘要：
In the past, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was considered as a poisonous gas or waste of the body. Later, researchers found that H2S-producing enzymes exist in mammals. Moreover, their findings indicated that endogenous H2S was associated with the occurrence of many diseases. Therefore, endogenous H2S is able to participate in the regulation of physiological and pathological functions of the body as a gas signaling molecule. In this review, we summarize the regulation mechanism of endogenous H2S on the body, such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, angiogenesis, as well as vasodilation/vasoconstriction. Furthermore, we also analyze the relationship between H2S and some chronic diseases, including hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, myocardial infarction, ischemic perfusion kidney injury, diabetes, and chronic intestinal diseases. Finally, we discuss dietary restriction and drugs that target for H2S. Hence, H2S is expected to become a potential target for treatment of these chronic diseases.
作者机构：
[Yang, Hui-xian] Univ South China, Med Coll, Inst Cardiovasc Dis, 28 Changsheng Rd, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liao, Duan-fang; Chen, Jian-xiong; Tuo, Qin-hui] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Div Stem Cell Regulat & Applicat, State Key Lab Chinese Med Powder & Med Innovat Hu, 300 Xueshi Rd, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liao, DF; Tian, Ying; Long, Shi-yin; Yang, Hui-xian; Zhang, Cai-ping; Zhang, Min] Univ South China, Med Coll, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 28 W Changsheng Rd, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Jian-xiong] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, University, MS 38677 USA.
通讯机构：
[Liao, DF ; Zhang, CP] U;Univ South China, Med Coll, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 28 W Changsheng Rd, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Dyslipidemia;IDOL;LDL-C;LDLR;PCSK9;SREBP2
摘要：
The SREBP2/LDLR pathway is sensitive to cholesterol content in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), while membrane low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is influenced by sterol response element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and inducible degrader of LDLR (IDOL). LDL-C, one of the risk factors in cardiovascular disease, is cleared through endocytosis recycling of LDLR. Therefore, we propose that a balance between LDLR endocytosis recycling and PCSK9-mediated and IDOL-mediated lysosomal LDLR degradation is responsible for cholesterol homeostasis in the ER. For statins that decrease serum LDL-C levels via cholesterol synthesis inhibition, the mechanism by which the statins increase the membrane LDLR may be regulated by cholesterol homeostasis in the ER.
作者机构：
[Yang, Na; Li, Tianping] Hunan Polytech Environm & Biol, Off Educ Adm, Hengyang 421005, Peoples R China.;[Cheng, Jun] Univ South China, Inst Pharm & Pharmacol, Hunan Prov Cooperat Innovat Ctr Mol Target New Dr, Hengyang Med Coll, Hengyang 421001, Peoples R China.;[Tuo, Qinhui] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Shen, Jian; Shen, J] Hengyang 1 Peoples Hosp, Intens Care Unit, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Shen, J ] H;Hengyang 1 Peoples Hosp, Intens Care Unit, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
APJ;Apelin;Hypothalamus;Pituitary
摘要：
Apelin and its G protein-coupled receptor APJ are specifically expressed in endocrine organs. As well known, the hypothalamus is the regulatory center of endocrine activity, which combined with the pituitary and other gonads form regulatory axes involved in endocrine function. Evidence to date has shown that the apelin/APJ system plays an important role in mediating these axes, such as food intake, acute stress, steroid release, as well as, an anti-depressant-like activity. Here we review the effect of the apelin/APJ system on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes. Although the apelinergic system exerts a positive effect on these axes, there are contradictory reports on the role of apelin in endocrine disease caused by hypothalamic-pituitary disorders. Thus, as research continues to evolve we expect that apelin-related drugs can be used as a treatment for clinical diseases resulting from hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction.
摘要：
Purpose: To investigate the underlying mechanisms by which Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) relieves the reproductive toxicity induced by phenobarbital (PB) treatment in epileptic rats. Methods: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay kits were used to quantify cell apoptosis in an epileptic rat model. The weight of sex organs and levels of three reproductive hormones, viz, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone, were measured in order to evaluate the effect of APS administration on reproductive ability. Concentration, motility, morphology as well as fertilization rate of sperms were analyzed as well. Results: Increase in sex organ weight and decrease in apoptosis were both associated with oral APS treatment. In APS-treated group, FSH, LH, and testosterone levels were raised while concentration, motility and normal morphology of sperm also increased. This was consistent with the observed increase in fertilization rate. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of the testis was performed in the epileptic rat model showed that the size of cell lumen increased in APS-treated group. All APS-associated phenotypes occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion: These data suggest that APS lowers reproductive toxicity in PB-treated epileptic rats by regulating the reproductive hormones, FSH, LH and testosterone, and also by altering the concentration, motility, and morphology of sperm. Thus, APS has a potential treatment for minimizing the side effects of antiepileptic drugs.
作者机构：
[Qin, Li; Liu, Xin-min; Liao, Duan-fang; Tuo, Qin-hui; Shi, Zhe; Liao, DF] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Key Lab Qual Evaluat Bulk Herbs Hunan Prov, Div Stem Cell Regulat & Applicat, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Ying; Lin, Na; Zhu, Xiao-xin] China Acad Chinese Med Sci, Inst Chinese Mat Med, Beijing 100700, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Cong; Liu, Xin-min; Dong, Li-ming; Lv, Jing-wei] Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Med Plant Dev IMPLAD, Res Ctr Pharmacol & Toxicol, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Cong; Liu, Xin-min; Dong, Li-ming; Lv, Jing-wei] Peking Union Med Coll, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Bu, Lan-lan; Tuo, Qin-hui] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Med, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhu, XX ] C;[Liu, XM ; Liao, DF] H;Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Key Lab Qual Evaluat Bulk Herbs Hunan Prov, Div Stem Cell Regulat & Applicat, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.;China Acad Chinese Med Sci, Inst Chinese Mat Med, Beijing 100700, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Med Plant Dev IMPLAD, Res Ctr Pharmacol & Toxicol, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
