作者机构：
[Dai, Jie; Huang, Shiyi; Huang, Chencun; Zhao, Hongqing; He, Xiangchang; He, Weihe; Xu, Guangming] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Guangming] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu, GM ] H;Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Polygonum amplexicaule D. Don var. sinense Forb;affinity ultrafiltration mass spectrometry;molecular docking;thrombin;zebra fish
摘要：
INTRODUCTION: Polygonum amplexicaule D. Don var. sinense Forb (PAF), a medicinal plant, has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. However, the active compounds and targets of its anticoagulant effect are still unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to establish an effective reversely thrombin-targeted screening method for anticoagulant active components in PAF by affinity ultrafiltration (AUF) coupled with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). METHODS: Different polar parts of PAF were screened for potential thrombin ligands by AUF-HPLC and identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. After studying the affinity between ligands and thrombin by molecular docking, the antithrombotic activity of ligands was detected in vivo by zebrafish thrombus model, and in vitro by chromogenic substrate method. The mechanism of such ligands on thrombin was further studied by coagulation factor assay. RESULTS: Eleven potential thrombin ligands from PAF were screened by the AUF-UPLC-Q-TOF-MS method, and two compounds (butyl gallate and β-sitosterol) with significant anticoagulant activity were discovered via in vitro and in vivo activity testing. CONCLUSION: A method system based on AUF-UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, molecular docking and in vivo and in vitro experiments also provided a powerful tool for further exploration of anticoagulant active components in PAF.
作者机构：
[Lin, Limei; Lin, LM; Xiong, Suhui; Zhang, Zhimin; Sun, Miao; Yu, Jiahui; Xu, Chunfang; Xie, Jingchen; Li, Minjie] Human Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Key Lab Qual Evaluat Bulk Herbs Human Prov, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.;[Li, Chun] China Acad Chinese Med Sci, Inst Chinese Mat Med, Beijing 100700, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Lin, LM ] H;Human Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Key Lab Qual Evaluat Bulk Herbs Human Prov, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In recent years, caffeic acid and its derivatives have received increasing attention due to their obvious physiological activities and wide distribution in nature. In this paper, to clarify the status of research on plant-derived caffeic acid and its derivatives, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data and possible biosynthetic pathways of these compounds were collected from scientific databases (SciFinder, PubMed and China Knowledge). According to different types of substituents, 17 caffeic acid and its derivatives can be divided into the following classes: caffeoyl ester derivatives, caffeyltartaric acid, caffeic acid amide derivatives, caffeoyl shikimic acid, caffeoyl quinic acid, caffeoyl danshens and caffeoyl glycoside. Generalization of their (13)C-NMR and (1)H-NMR data revealed that acylation with caffeic acid to form esters involves acylation shifts, which increase the chemical shift values of the corresponding carbons and decrease the chemical shift values of the corresponding carbons of caffeoyl. Once the hydroxyl group is ester, the hydrogen signal connected to the same carbon shifts to the low field (1.1~1.6). The biosynthetic pathways were summarized, and it was found that caffeic acid and its derivatives are first synthesized in plants through the shikimic acid pathway, in which phenylalanine is deaminated to cinnamic acid and then transformed into caffeic acid and its derivatives. The purpose of this review is to provide a reference for further research on the rapid structural identification and biofabrication of caffeic acid and its derivatives.
关键词：
EDTA•2Na;Extinction coefficient;Improved ELISA;Photothermal effect;Prussian blue nanoparticles
摘要：
This work reports an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) via the interaction between prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) and amines for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) detection. The effect of different amines on the structure and properties of PBNPs was systematically investigated. Amines with pK(b) < 7, like ethylenediamine (EDA), can decompose structure of PBNPs, leading to the reduction of extinction coefficient and photothermal effect. Whereas, amines with large pK(b) > 7, such as o-phenylenediamine (OPD), could undergo catalytic oxidation by PBNPs, resulting in the production of fluorescent and colored oxidation products. Accordingly, EDA and OPD were used to construct improved ELISA. Specifically, silica nanoparticles, on which AFB1 aptamer and amino binding agent (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, EDTA center dot 2Na) were previously assembled via carboxyl-amino linkage, are anchored to microplates by AFB1 and antibody. EDA concentration can be regulated by EDTA center dot 2Na to affect extinction coefficient and photothermal effect of PBNPs, thereby achieving visual colorimetric and portable photothermal signal readout (Model 1). OPD concentration can also be controlled by EDTA center dot 2Na, thus generating colorimetric and ultrasensitive fluorescent signals through PBNPs catalysis (Model 2). The proposed strategy not only opens new avenue for signal readout mode of biosensing, but also provides universal technique for hazards.
摘要：
HBV infection can result in severe liver diseases and is one of the primary causes of liver cell carcinoma-related mortality. Liuwei Wuling tablet (LWWL) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula, with a protecting liver and decreasing enzyme activity, usually used to treat chronic hepatitis B with NAs in clinic. However, its main active ingredients and mechanism of action have not been fully investigated. Hence, we aimed to screen the active ingredient and effective ingredient combinations from Liuwei Wuling tablet to explore the anti-herpatitis B virus activity and mechanism. Analysis and screening of effective antiviral components in LWWL by network pharmacology, luteolin (Lut) may be a compound with significant antiviral activity. The mechanism of antiviral action of Lut was also found by real-time PCR detection and western blotting. Meanwhile, we established a co-culture model to investigate the antiviral mechanism of Schisandrin C (SC), one of the main active components of Schisandra chinensis fructus (the sovereign drug of LWWL). Next, HBV-infected mice were established by tail vein injection of pAAV-HBV1.2 plasmid and administered continuously for 20 days. And their antiviral capacity was evaluated by checking serum levels of HBsAg, HBeAg, levels of HBV DNA, and liver levels of HBcAg. In this study, we conducted network pharmacology analysis on LWWL, and through in vitro experimental validation and data analysis, we found that luteolin (Lut) possessed obviously anti-HBV activity, inhibiting HBV replication by downregulating hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) via the ERK pathway. Additionally, we established a co-culture system and proved that SC promoted activation of cGAS-STINIG pathway and IFN-β production in THP-1 cells to inhibit HBV replication in HepG2.2.15 cells. Moreover, we found the combination of SC and Lut shows a greater effect in inhibiting HBV compared to SC or Lut alone in HBV-infected mice. Taken together, our study suggests that combination of SC and Lut may be potential candidate drug for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
摘要：
Currently, cancer remains one of the most significant threats to human health. Treatment of most cancers remains challenging, despite the implementation of diverse therapies in clinical practice. In recent years, research on the mechanism of ferroptosis has presented novel perspectives for cancer treatment. Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death process caused by lipid peroxidation of membrane unsaturated fatty acids catalyzed by iron ions. The rapid development of bio-nanotechnology has generated considerable interest in exploiting iron-induced cell death as a new therapeutic target against cancer. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements at the intersection of iron-induced cell death and bionanotechnology. In this respect, the mechanism of iron-induced cell death and its relation to cancer are summarized. Furthermore, the feasibility of a nano-drug delivery system based on iron-induced cell death for cancer treatment is introduced and analyzed. Secondly, strategies for inducing iron-induced cell death using nanodrug delivery technology are discussed, including promoting Fenton reactions, inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4, reducing low glutathione levels, and inhibiting system Xc(-). Additionally, the article explores the potential of combined treatment strategies involving iron-induced cell death and bionanotechnology. Finally, the application prospects and challenges of iron-induced nanoagents for cancer treatment are discussed.
作者机构：
[Tang, Siqi; Huang, Hao; Li, Xiaojun; Wei, Kaixin; Suo, Zongwu; Xu, Yi] Gannan Med Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr Modernizat Tradit Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Hakka Med Resources Branch, Ganzhou 341000, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Dongxu; Li, Chunying; Zhao, Lei] Gannan Med Univ, Coll Basic Med, Ganzhou 341000, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Xiangqian] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiaojun Li] N;[Dongxu Liu] C;National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine—Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China<&wdkj&>College of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
摘要：
Abstract: The traditional herb Eleutherococcus henryi Oliv. is commonly used to treat inflammatory conditions including rheumatism, arthritis, and hepatitis, as well as mental fatigue and amnesia, according to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. Savinin is a natural lignan obtained from the roots of E. henryi. The present study was undertaken to determine whether savinin can relieve LPS-induced neuroinflammation and if so, what the mechanism is. Groups of male C57BL/6 mice were administered savinin (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) and DEX (10 mg/kg) by gavage once daily for a continuous 7 days. On the 5th day of continuous pre-administration, LPS (2.5 mg/kg) was injected into the lateral ventricles of the mice for modeling 48 h. We found that treatment with savinin decreased the levels of neuroinflammatory cytokines and histopathological alterations dramatically. Consequently, it improved the LPS-induced neuroinflammatory response in mice. Furthermore, savinin inhibited the up-regulated expression of related proteins in the activated MAPK/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways caused by LPS. Docking studies demonstrated the binding of savinin to three receptors (MAPK, NF-κB and NLRP3) using a well-fitting mode. These findings suggest that savinin may suppress neuroinflammation induced by LPS in vivo via modulating MAPK/NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways. Keywords: savinin; neuroinflammation; MAPK; NF-κB; NLRP3 inflammasome
摘要：
Trastuzumab (Tra), the first humanized monoclonal antibody that targets human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), is commonly used alongside doxorubicin (Dox) as a combination therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. Unfortunately, this leads to a more severe cardiotoxicity than Dox alone. NLRP3 inflammasome is known to be involved in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, whether the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the synergistic cardiotoxicity of Tra has not been elucidated. In this study, primary neonatal rat cardiomyocyte (PNRC), H9c2 cells and mice were treated with Dox (15mg/kg in mice or 1μM in cardiomyocyte) or Tra (15.75mg/kg in mice or 1μM in cardiomyocyte), or Dox combined Tra as cardiotoxicity models to investigate this question. Our results demonstrated that Tra significantly potentiated Dox-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. These were accompanied by the increased expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC and cleaved caspase-1), the secretion of IL-β and the pronounced production of ROS. Inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by NLRP3 silencing significantly reduced cell apoptosis and ROS production in Dox combined Tra-treated PNRC. Compared with the wild type mice, the systolic dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by Dox combined Tra were alleviated in NLRP3 gene knockout mice. Our data revealed that the co-activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by Tra promoted the inflammation, oxidative stress and cardiomyocytes apoptosis in Dox combined Tra-induced cardiotoxicity model both in vivo and in vitro. Our results suggest that NLRP3 inhibition is a promising cardioprotective strategy in Dox/Tra combination therapy.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin (Dox), a chemotherapeutic agent known for its efficacy, has been associated with the development of severe cardiotoxicity, commonly referred to as doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). The role and mechanism of action of phloretin (Phl) in cardiovascular diseases are well-established; however, its specific function and underlying mechanism in the context of DIC have yet to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to uncover the protective effect of Phl against DIC in vivo and in vitro, while also providing a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS: DIC cell and murine models were established. The action targets and mechanism of Phl against DIC were comprehensively examined by systematic network pharmacology, molecular docking, transcriptomics technologies, transcription factor (TF) prediction, and experimental validation. RESULTS: Phl relieved Dox-induced cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Through network pharmacology analysis, a total of 554 co-targeted genes of Phl and Dox were identified. Enrichment analysis revealed several key pathways including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Apoptosis, and the IL-17 signaling pathway. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis identified 24 core co-targeted genes, such as Fos, Jun, Hif1a, which were predicted to bind well to Phl based on molecular docking. Transcriptomics analysis was performed to identify the top 20 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 202 transcription factors (TFs) were predicted for these DEGs. Among these TFs, 10 TFs (Fos, Jun, Hif1a, etc.) are also the co-targeted genes, and 3 TFs (Fos, Jun, Hif1a) are also the core co-targeted genes. Further experiments validated the finding that Phl reduced the elevated levels of Hif3a (one of the top 20 DEGs) and Fos (one of Hif3a's predicted TFs) induced by Dox. Moreover, the interaction between Fos protein and the Hif3a promoter was confirmed through luciferase reporter assays. CONCLUSION: Phl actively targeted and down-regulated the Fos protein to inhibit its binding to the promoter region of Hif3a, thereby providing protection against DIC.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Neurotoxicity is a rare adverse event for ertapenem. Given the limited evidence, large patient data are needed to aid in the identification and management of this fatal complication. Aim of the review, we summarize the characteristics, risk factors, and treatment of ertapenem-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS: Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, Wanfang, CNKI, China VIP database were searched up from 31 October 2001 to 31 December 2022. All articles concerning neurotoxicity induced by ertapenem were included. The retrieved articles were screened by two experienced clinicians by reading the titles, abstracts, and full texts. RESULTS: A total of 66 patients were included, with a median age of 71.5 years (range 40-92), of whom 45 (68.2%) were male. Twelve patients (18.2%) received irrational doses (exceeding the recommended dose), and 30 patients (45.5%) had chronic renal insufficiency. The median time to symptom onset was 5 (range 1-14). Epileptiform seizures (42.4%), visual hallucinations (36.4%), altered mental status (25.8%), and confusion (22.7%) were the most common symptoms of ertapenem-induced neurotoxicity. Of the 29 patients with reported albumin levels, 25 had serum albumin <3.5 g/dl. Ertapenem was discontinued in 95.5% of patients, and 90.9% recovered completely. Median time to symptom recovery was 7 days (range 1-42) after intervention including antiepileptic administration, or hemodialysis. CONCLUSION: Neurotoxicity is a rare adverse event for ertapenem, especially in patients with advanced age, renal insufficiency, pre-existing neurological disease, and hypoalbuminemia. This adverse reaction usually resolves with medication interruption, or antiepileptic administration and hemodialysis.
摘要：
Based on this communication we could recommend that this type of abandoned knowledge should be considered for the management and conservation of faunistic resources. However, the advantageous role of animals and their products was reported but more extensive research is required to explore the bioactive constituents in the raw material of these animals responsible for their beneficial effects. Abstract The use of traditional medicines has tremendously increased over the past few decades. Approximately 80% of the world's population relies on traditional medicines for their primary healthcare needs because of their cost effectiveness and efficiency with no or minimal side effects. Zootherapy refers to the use of medicines that are prepared or derived from animals or from their products. The current study documented the folk knowledge related to the practice of various animal‐derived products and ethnozoological based drugs used as medicines by the residents of the Cholistan desert of Bahawalpur (Pakistan). In this regard 46 knowledgeable and reliable elderly people, hakims and spiritual healers ranging from 35–60 years of age having knowledge related to zootherapy were included in the current study. A field survey from February 2006 to November 2007 was conducted by interviewing the selected respondents through a structured questionnaire. They provided knowledge regarding the use of animals and their derived products in traditional medicine. The zootherapeutic knowledge was based on both domestic animals as well as wild animals. A total of 20 animal species were included in the study, among which nine animals were domestic while 11 were wild animals. Among selected animals, nine were mammals, four birds, four reptiles and three insects. It was reported that camel was the most commonly used (n = 32 respondents) among mammals while Pigeon (n = 39 respondents), Spiny‐tailed lizard (n = 41 respondents) and Indian honey bee (n = 27 respondents) among birds, reptiles and insects, respectively, have significant use for the treatment of different diseases. Based on this communication we could recommend that this type of abandoned knowledge should be considered for the management and conservation of faunistic resources. However, the advantageous role of animals and their products was reported but more extensive research is required to explore the bioactive constituents in the raw material of these animals responsible for their beneficial effects.
作者机构：
[Xie, Qinling; Wang, Wei; Luo, Jiangyi; Liang, Ling; Jiang, Sai; Chen, Shenghuang; Fu, Yangfen; Yuan, Hanwen] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Innovat Mat Med Res Inst, Sch Pharm, TCM & Ethnomedicine Innovat & Dev Int Lab, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Luo, Jiangyi] T;TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China wangwei402@hotmail.com +86-731-8845-8227 +86-136-5743-8606
摘要：
Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, the dried root of Gentiana macrophylla Pall., Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk., Gentiana straminea Maxim., or Gentiana dahurica Fisch., is a traditional Chinese medicine with multi-origins and some adulterants. Liquid chromatography coupled to electrostatic orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Orbitrap-MS) was used to search the different components of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix of the four species. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with fingerprint analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), and partial least-squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) was also utilized to distinguish them and their adulterants based on the critical components identified by LC-MS. A single standard to determine the multi-components (SSDMC) method was established for the determination of the critical markers. A total of 93 compounds were identified from Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, including 58 common ones. Their HPLC fingerprints show a significant difference with the adulterants. In addition, PCA and PLS-DA could make a distinction among the four species. Loganic acid, 6'-O-β-d-glucosylgentiopicroside, swertiamarine, gentiopicroside, and sweroside were identified as the critical markers and then quantified by the SSDMC method. The developed strategy is powerful for the quality control and authentication of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix.
作者机构：
[Shi, Zhi Min; Wei, Jia-ming] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Chinese Med, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Zi-yan; Yuan, Hui; Liu, Cheng-xin] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Clin Coll Chinese Med 1, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Zi-yan; Shi, Zhi Min; Yuan, Hui; Wei, Jia-ming; Liu, Cheng-xin] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Hunan Key Lab Coll & Univ Intelligent Tradit Chine, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.;[Li, Y; Li, Ya] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, Y ; Shi, ZM ] H;Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Hunan Key Lab Coll & Univ Intelligent Tradit Chine, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.;Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.
关键词：
ApoE(-/-) mice;Atherosclerosis;NOX/ROS/NF-κB signal pathway;Vascular smooth muscle cell;Xin-tong-tai
摘要：
Background: Xin-tong-tai Granule (XTTG), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat atherosclerosis (AS), but its mechanism is poorly understood. Intriguingly, oxidative stress has been recognized as vital factors in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Purpose: This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of XTTG for treating AS. Methods: An in-vivo model of AS was established by feeding ApoE-/- mice with a high-fat diet (HFD), and the Human Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (HAVSMCs) were induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in vitro. After treatment, the blood lipid levels and pathological aortic changes of each group were observed, and the cell proliferation and lipid droplet aggregation in each group were evaluated. The oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and related NOX/ROS/ NF-.kappa B signaling pathway indicators were observed. Results: XTTG improved blood lipid levels and pathological aortic changes of ApoE / mice with HFD feeding, inhibited HAVSMCs proliferation and lipid droplet aggregation induced by ox-LDL, reduced MDA content, increased SOD content, inhibited NOX4 and p22phox protein expression, downregulated ROS content, inhibited IKK-alpha, IKK-ss, NF-.kappa B protein and mRNA expression and the phosphorylation of NF-.kappa B. Conclusion: XTTG can inhibit NOX/ROS/NF-.kappa B signaling pathway, reduce damages caused by oxidative stress, and exert anti-AS effects.
摘要：
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a usual head and neck malignancy. Guggulsterone (GS) has potential in cancer chemoprophylaxis and treatment, but its therapeutic effect on NPC is unknown. We aimed to explore whether GS could promote the secretion of exosomal circFIP1L1 from NPC cells and its regulatory mechanism.<&wdkj&>Methods: NPC tissues and adjacent tissues were collected from NPC patients. Human nasopharyngeal epithelial cell lines (NP69) and NPC lines (5-8F, CNE1, and HNE1) were used for in vitro experiments. HNE1 cells were treated with GS (20, 40, 60 μmol/L). The expressions of miR-125a-5p and circFIP1L1 were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation and apoptosis abilities were measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. HNE1 cell exosomes were extracted and identified, and the levels of VEGFA and VEGFR2 were detected by ELISA. Then miR-125a-5p was knocked down and overexpressed. HUVECs angiogenesis was determined by the tube formation assay. qRT-PCR and Western blot were utilized to evaluate the expressions of VEGFA, MMP-2, MMP-9, and ICAM-1 in HUVECs.<&wdkj&>Results: miR-125a-5p was highly expressed in NPC tissues and cells. GS promoted the secretion of exosomal circFIP1L1 from HNE1 cells to affect HUVECs proliferation and angiogenesis. Overexpression of miR-125a-5p accelerated HUVECs proliferation and angiogenesis. Knocking down miR-125a- 5p inhibited VEGFA expression. In addition, exosomal circFIP1L1 sponged miR-125a-5p, inhibiting the VEGFA pathway to repress HUVECs angiogenesis.<&wdkj&>Conclusions: GS promoted exosomal circFIP1L1 in NPC cells to mediate miR-125a-5p/VEGFA axis affecting tumor angiogenesis.
通讯机构：
[Li, L; Tan, Y ] H;Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Pharm Coll, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.;Educ Dept Hunan Prov, Key Lab Modern Res TCM, Changsha 410208, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a natural component with multiple biological activities. However, the underlying mechanisms of the effects of PCA on anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) are unclear. A UC mouse model was established by allowing the mice to freely drink a dextran sulfate sodium solution. The mice were administered PCA intragastrically for 7 days. Histological pathology, intestinal flora, and ferroptosis regulators were determined in vivo. Additionally, ferroptotic Caco-2 cells were modeled to investigate the role of PCA in ferroptosis. Our results showed that PCA reduced the levels of the disease activity index, inflammatory factors, and histological damage in UC mice. We also found that the regulation of intestinal flora, especially Bacteroidetes, was one of the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of PCA anti-UC. Moreover, PCA downregulated the level of ferroptosis in the colon tissue, as evidenced by a reduced iron overload, decreased glutathione depletion, and a lower level of malondialdehyde production compared with the model group. Similar effects of PCA on ferroptosis were observed in Erastin-treated Caco-2 cells. The results obtained using reactive oxygen species assays and the changes in mitochondrial structure observed via scanning electron microscopy also support these results. Our findings suggested that PCA protected against UC by regulating intestinal flora and ferroptosis.
期刊：
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2023年109:104662 ISSN：0305-1978
通讯作者：
Wang, Wei;Jian, YQ
作者机构：
[Wang, Wei; Yang, Yupei; Li, Wenchu; Jiang, Sai; Jian, Yuqing; Guo, Tingsi; Wu, Juanjiang; Yang, Yong] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Innovat Mat Med Res Inst, Sch Pharm, TCM & Ethnomedicine Innovat & Dev Int Lab, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, W; Jian, YQ ] H;Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Innovat Mat Med Res Inst, Sch Pharm, TCM & Ethnomedicine Innovat & Dev Int Lab, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.
作者机构：
[Liu, Xiu; Zou, Junju; Tan, Danni; Yu, Rong; Xiang, Qin; Wu, Yongjun; Shi, Liuyang] Hunan Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Sch Tradit Chinese Med, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Xiu; Zou, Junju; Tan, Danni; Yu, Rong; Xiang, Qin; Shi, Liuyang] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Med Prescript & Syndr, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Yongjun] Hunan Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zou, Junju] Natl Key Lab Cultivat Base Chinese Med Powder & In, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yongjun Wu; Rong Yu] S;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China<&wdkj&>Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmacy, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China<&wdkj&>School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
摘要：
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis is affected by dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and the metabolites it generates. Therefore, restoring the equilibrium between the gut microbiome and the generated metabolites may have therapeutic potential for the syndrome. Zuogui Jiangtang Qinggan Fang (ZGJTQGF) is a Chinese herbal formulation used clinically to treat type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and fatty liver disease. However, its pharmacological mechanisms have not been well characterized. This work aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective mechanism of ZGJTQGF in T2DM with NAFLD mice by incorporating gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids（SCFAs）, and metabolomic analysis, and then to provide strong support for clinical treatment of T2DM with NAFLD. The sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that ZGJTQGF therapy modified the composition and abundance of the gut microbiome, raised the level of SCFAs, and restored the intestinal mucosal barrier. The non-targeted metabolomic analysis of liver tissues identified 212 compounds, of which108 were differentially expressed between the HFD and ZGJTQGF groups. Moreover, L-glutamic acid, L-Phenylalanine, Glycine, Taurine, Deoxycholic acid, and citric acid levels were also considerably altered by ZGJTQGF. Our findings suggest that ZGJTQGF ameliorates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by modulating the gut microbiota composition and its metabolites and boosting the levels of SCFAs. More notably, ZGJTQGF may be a promising medication for preventing and treating NAFLD.
摘要：
The phytochemical investigation on the rhizomes of Dryopteris crassirhizoma (Dryopteridaceae) resulted in the discovery of one novel compound, drycrassirhizomamide A (1), and one new natural product, drycrassirhizomamide B (2), as well as four known isolates, (S)-(-)-N-benzoylphenylalaninol (3), blumenol A (4), 8-C-glucosylnoreugenin (5), and dryopteroside (6). Their chemical structures were identified by NMR and mass spectroscopy. Compounds 1-2 were determined to be 1,19-diethyl 10-oxo-2,9,11,18-tetraazanonadecanedioate and C,C'-diethyl N,N'-1,6-hexanediylbis[carbamate]. The anti-inflammatory activities of these compounds were evaluated with LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage and BV2 microglia. The results showed that compounds 1-3 and 6 have inhibitory effects of NO production with IC(50) values of 13.41, 30.36, 25.51, and 11.35 μM in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Also, compounds 1 and 4-6 have abilities to inhibit NO production with the IC(50) values of 40.11, 30.94, 15.76, and 16.79 μM in BV2 cells, which demonstrated that they may possess the potential anti-inflammatory activity.
摘要：
BACKGROUND Centipedes have been used to treat tumors for hundreds of years in China. However, current studies focus on antimicrobial and anticoagulation agents rather than tumors. The molecular identities of antihepatoma bioactive components in centipedes have not yet been extensively investigated. It is a challenge to isolate and characterize the effective components of centipedes due to limited peptide purification technologies for animal-derived medicines. AIM To purify, characterize, and synthesize the bioactive components with the strongest antihepatoma activity from centipedes and determine the antihepatoma mechanism. METHODS An antihepatoma peptide (scolopentide) was isolated and identified from the centipede scolopendra subspinipes mutilans using a combination of enzymatic hydrolysis, a Sephadex G-25 column, and two steps of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, the CCK8 assay was used to select the extracted fraction with the strongest antihepatoma activity. The molecular weight of the extracted scolopentide was characterized by quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF MS), and the sequence was matched by using the Mascot search engine. Based on the sequence and molecular weight, scolopentide was synthesized using solid-phase peptide synthesis methods. The synthetic scolopentide was confirmed by MS and HPLC. The antineoplastic effect of extracted scolopentide was confirmed by CCK8 assay and morphological changes again in vitro. The antihepatoma effect of synthetic scolopentide was assessed by the CCK8 assay and Hoechst staining in vitro and tumor volume and tumor weight in vivo. In the tumor xenograft experiments, qualified model mice (male 5-week-old BALB/c nude mice) were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 6): The scolopentide group (0.15 mL/d, via intraperitoneal injection of synthetic scolopentide, 500 mg/kg/d) and the vehicle group (0.15 mL/d, via intraperitoneal injection of normal saline). The mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation after 14 d of continuous treatment. Mechanistically, flow cytometry was conducted to evaluate the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells after treatment with extracted scolopentide in vitro. A Hoechst staining assay was also used to observe apoptosis in HepG2 cells after treatment with synthetic scolopentide in vitro. CCK8 assays and morphological changes were used to compare the cytotoxicity of synthetic scolopentide to liver cancer cells and normal liver cells in vitro. Molecular docking was performed to clarify whether scolopentide tightly bound to death receptor 4 (DR4) and DR5. qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of DR4, DR5, fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), Caspase-8, Caspase-3, cytochrome c (Cyto-C), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), x-chromosome linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein and Cellular fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme inhibitory protein in hepatocarcinoma subcutaneous xenograft tumors from mice. Western blot assays were used to measure the protein expression of DR4, DR5, FADD, Caspase-8, Caspase-3, and Cyto-C in the tumor tissues. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) of tumor tissues were tested. RESULTS In the process of purification, characterization and synthesis of scolopentide, the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions (extract ratio: 5.86%, IC50: 0.310 mg/mL) were as follows: Trypsin at 0.1 g (300 U/g, centipede-trypsin ratio of 20: 1), enzymolysis temperature of 46 degrees C, and enzymolysis time of 4 h, which was superior to freeze-thawing with liquid nitrogen (IC50: 3.07 mg/mL). A peptide with the strongest antihepatoma activity (scolopentide) was further purified through a Sephadex G-25 column (obtained A2) and two steps of HPLC (obtained B5 and C3). The molecular weight of the extracted scolopentide was 1018.997 Da, and the peptide sequence was RAQNHYCK, as characterized by QTOF MS and Mascot. Scolopentide was synthesized in vitro with a qualified molecular weight (1018.8 Da) and purity (98.014%), which was characterized by MS and HPLC. Extracted scolopentide still had an antineoplastic effect in vitro, which inhibited the proliferation of Eca-109 (IC50: 76.27 mu g/mL), HepG2 (IC50: 22.06 mu g/mL), and A549 (IC50: 35.13 mu g/mL) cells, especially HepG2 cells. Synthetic scolopentide inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells (treated 6, 12, and 24 h) in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro, and the inhibitory effects were the strongest at 12 h (IC50: 208.11 mu g/ mL). Synthetic scolopentide also inhibited the tumor volume (Vehicle vs Scolopentide, P = 0.0003) and weight (Vehicle vs Scolopentide, P = 0.0022) in the tumor xenograft experiment. Mechanistically, flow cytometry suggested that the apoptosis ratios of HepG2 cells after treatment with extracted scolopentide were 5.01% (0 mu g/mL), 12.13% (10 mu g/mL), 16.52% (20 mu g/mL), and 23.20% (40 mu g/mL). Hoechst staining revealed apoptosis in HepG2 cells after treatment with synthetic scolopentide in vitro. The CCK8 assay and morphological changes indicated that synthetic scolopentide was cytotoxic and was significantly stronger in HepG2 cells than in L02 cells. Molecular docking suggested that scolopentide tightly bound to DR4 and DR5, and the binding free energies were-10.4 kcal/mol and-7.1 kcal/mol, respectively. In subcutaneous xenograft tumors from mice, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting suggested that scolopentide activated DR4 and DR5 and induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 Liver cancer cells by promoting the expression of FADD, caspase-8 and caspase-3 through a mitochondria-independent pathway. CONCLUSION Scolopentide, an antihepatoma peptide purified from centipedes, may inspire new antihepatoma agents. Scolopentide activates DR4 and DR5 and induces apoptosis in liver cancer cells through a mitochondria-independent pathway.
